Ethical and Legal Considerations for Sterilization Refusal in Nulliparous Women.

We address the ethical and legal considerations for elective tubal sterilization in young, nulliparous women in Canada, with comparison with the United States and the United Kingdom. Professional guidelines recommend that age and parity should not be obstacles for receiving elective permanent contraception; however, many physicians hesitate to provide this procedure to young women because of the permanence of the procedure and the speculative possibility of regret. At the practice level, this means that there are barriers for young women to access elective sterilization; they are questioned or not taken seriously, or their desire for sterilization is more generally belittled by health care professionals.

Ethical Issues in Long-term Care in Low-, Middle- and High-Income Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Long-term care (LTC) centers experienced an unprecedented emergency involving exponential mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals residing in long-term care were particularly vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19, placing residents, staff, families, and organizations in a precarious position. Complex issues surrounding how to manage vulnerable populations during the pandemic have highlighted the importance of gathering information on ethical issues that require effective policy and decision-making.

Patients' preferences for distributing limited government-funded IVF cycles.

Objective: On December 21, 2015, Ontario began funding one cycle of IVF for each resident with a uterus under the age of 43, but with a program cap that is insufficient to meet the annual demand. Our objective was to determine how fertility patients believe that the limited number of funded IVF cycles should be distributed.

Methods: A survey was distributed to patients attending a university affiliated hospital-based fertility clinic in downtown Toronto, including its associated peripheral satellite clinics.

Geometric morphometric analysis for sex determination using lateral cephalograms in Indian population: A preliminary study.

Background: Orthodontic science centers primarily on the growth, development and advancement of the craniofacial structures. Geometric morphometrics (GMM) is a new approach for shape identification in forensic sciences.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the shape variation in the Indian sample in order to assess sexual dimorphism by application of two-dimensional GMM.

Patients' perspectives on allocation of publicly funded in vitro fertilization in Ontario: a qualitative study.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine consumers' perspectives on fair allocation of publicly funded in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the recently implemented Ontario Fertility Program (OFP). The research questions were as follows: 1) What factors do those who require IVF think are important to consider when distributing funded IVF? and 2) What are the barriers to accessing publicly funded IVF?

Methods: We approached this qualitative study with a social constructivist interpretative framework with grounded theory methodology. Data were obtained via focus group.