Catecholaminergic gene variants: contribution in ADHD and associated comorbid attributes in the eastern Indian probands.

Contribution of genes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been explored in various populations, and several genes were speculated to contribute small but additive effects. We have assessed variants in four genes, DDC (rs3837091 and rs3735273), DRD2 (rs1800496, rs1801028, and rs1799732), DRD4 (rs4646984 and rs4646983), and COMT (rs165599 and rs740603) in Indian ADHD subjects with comorbid attributes. Cases were recruited following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV-TR after obtaining informed written consent.

Significance of Dopaminergic Gene Variants in the Male Biasness of ADHD.

Objective: ADHD is frequently detected in boys though there is no established cause. One possibility is that genes predisposing to ADHD have sexually dimorphic effects. With an aim to find out the reason for this male biasness, contribution of 14 functional polymorphisms was investigated in ADHD subjects.

Role of SNAP25 explored in eastern Indian attention deficit hyperactivity disorder probands.

Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25) is an essential component for synaptic vesicle mediated release of neurotransmitters. Deficiencies or abnormal structure or function of SNAP25 protein, possibly arising through genetic variations in the relevant DNA code, has been suggested to play role in the pathology of several neurobehavioural disorders including Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and a number of polymorphisms in the SNAP25 gene has been studied for association with the disorder. In the present investigation, for the first time association between ADHD and six SNAP25 polymorphisms, rs1889189, rs362569, rs362988, rs3746544, rs1051312, and rs8636 was explored in eastern Indian population.

Ubiquitination of mRNA cycling sequence binding protein from Leishmania donovani (LdCSBP) modulates the RNA endonuclease activity of its Smr domain.

In trypanosomatid parasites, an octanucleotide sequence (C/A)AUAGAA(G/A) in the UTRs primarily determines the stability of S-phase specific mRNAs. A multi-domain protein LdCSBP from Leishmania donovani interacts with the UTR of an S-phase RNA containing the octanucleotide sequence through its unique CCCH-type Zn-finger motifs. Interestingly, the RNA binding protein contains a previously characterized DNA endonuclease domain - Smr.

Role of gene-gene/gene-environment interaction in the etiology of eastern Indian ADHD probands.

Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and genetic polymorphisms in the dopamine receptors, transporter and metabolizing enzymes have been reported in different ethnic groups. Gene variants may affect disease outcome by acting synergistically or antagonistically and thus their combined effect becomes an important aspect to study in the disease etiology. In the present investigation, interaction between ten functional polymorphisms in DRD4, DAT1, MAOA, COMT, and DBH genes were explored in the Indo-Caucasoid population.

Study on DBH genetic polymorphisms and plasma activity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients from Eastern India.

Dysfunctions in the norepinephric pathway have been speculated in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common problem for children. Synthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine is catalyzed by the enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase and numerous polymorphisms in the DBH gene have been found to exert their direct influence on the enzyme activity independently. In the present study association of ADHD with four genetic polymorphisms, DBH-STR, rs1611115, rs1108580, and rs2519152, was examined in subjects belonging to eastern India.

Correlation of plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity with polymorphisms in DBH gene: a study on Eastern Indian population.

Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity (plDbetaH) is tightly regulated by the DBH gene and several genetic polymorphisms have been found to independently exert their influence. In the present investigation, association of four DBH polymorphisms, DBH-STR, rs1611115, rs1108580, and rs2519152 with plDbetaH was examined in blood samples from 100 unrelated individuals belonging to the state of West Bengal, Eastern India. Genotypes obtained after PCR amplification and restriction digestion were used for statistical analyses.

Dopamine receptor D4 exon 3 variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism: Distribution in eastern Indian population.

Background: A 48bp variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR), in the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4), has been extensively studied in association with a variety of traits and neuropsychiatric disorders in different ethnic groups; the VNTR has been found to affect receptor binding.

Aims: This investigation, for the first time, compared distribution of DRD4 VNTR in different Indian populations from the eastern part of the country, belonging to Indo-Caucasoid and Indo-Mongoloid ethnicity.

Materials And Methods: 852 individuals were recruited and divided into six population groups; Brahmin, Kayastha, Scheduled Caste, Mahishya, Muslim and Manipuri (Meitei).

Lack of significant association between -1021C-->T polymorphism in the dopamine beta hydroxylase gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Recent trends in medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that norepinephrine (NE) deficiency may contribute to the disease etiology. Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) is the key enzyme which converts dopamine to NE and since DBH gene is considered a major quantitative trait locus for plasma DBH activity, genetic polymorphism may lead to altered NE neurotransmission. Several polymorphisms including a 5' flanking -1021C-->T polymorphism, was reported to be associated with changed DBH activity and an association between -1021C-->T polymorphism with ADHD was observed in Han Chinese children.

Association of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) polymorphisms with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Indian population.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood onset neurobehavioral disorder. Several studies worldwide have implicated a possible association between ADHD and transmission of different polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) in different ethnic groups. However, this is the first report on the transmission of different polymorphisms of DRD4 in Indian subjects.

Analysis of polymorphisms in the dopamine beta hydroxylase gene: association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Indian children.

Objective: To study the association of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and polymorphism in the dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) gene in Indian ADHD cases.

Subjects: Forty one ADHD cases were diagnosed as per the DSM-IV-TR criteria and evaluated by Conners Parents and Teachers Rating Scale and Wechslers Intelligence Scale for Children.

Methods: Genomic DNA was amplified for exon 2 *444g/a and intron 5 (Taq I) polymorphism in the DBH gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.