Differential contributions of voltage-gated potassium channel subunits in enhancing temporal coding in the bushy cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus.

Temporal coding precision of bushy cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), critical for sound localization and communication, depends on the generation of rapid and temporally precise action potentials (APs). Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are critically involved in this. The bushy cells in rat VCN express Kv1.

Auditory Fear Conditioning Alters Sensitivity of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex but this is not based on Frequency-dependent Integration.

Although many studies have shown that the prelimbic (PL) cortex of the mPFC is involved in the formation of conditioned freezing behavior, few have considered the acoustic response characteristics of PL cortex. Importantly, the change in auditory response characteristics of the PL cortex after conditional fear learning is largely unknown. Here we used in vivo cell-attached recordings targeting the mPFC during the waking state.

Processing of Paired Click-Tone Stimulation in the Mice Inferior Colliculus.

The inferior colliculus (IC) is known as a neuronal structure involved in the integration of acoustic information in the ascending auditory pathway. However, the processing of paired acoustic stimuli containing different sound types, especially when they are applied closely, in the IC remains poorly studied. We here firstly investigated the IC neuronal response to the paired stimuli comprising click and pure tone with different inter-stimulus (click-tone) intervals using loose-patch recordings in anesthetized BALB/c mice.

Balanced Noise-Evoked Excitation and Inhibition in Awake Mice CA3.

The hippocampus is known as a neuronal structure involved in learning, memory and spatial navigation using multi-sensory cues. However, the basic features of its response to acoustic stimuli without any behavioral tasks (conditioning) remains poorly studied. Here, we investigated the CA3 response to auditory stimuli using loose-patch recordings in awake and anesthetized C57 mice.

Interdependent effects of sound duration and amplitude on neuronal onset response in mice inferior colliculus.

In this study, we adopted iso-frequency pure tone bursts to investigate the interdependent effects of sound amplitude/intensity and duration on mice inferior colliculus (IC) neuronal onset responses. On the majority of the sampled neurons (n=57, 89.1%), sound amplitude and duration had effects on the neuronal response to each other by showing complex changes of the rat-intensity function/duration selectivity types and/or best amplitudes (BAs)/durations (BDs), evaluated by spike counts.

Adenosine A1 receptors are involved in the modulation of the rhythmical respiration in neonatal rat brainstem slice in vitro.

This study was designed to investigate whether adenosine A1 receptors could modulate primary rhythmical respiration in mammals. Experiments were performed in in vitro brainstem slice preparations from neonatal rats. These preparations included the medial region of the nucleus retrofacialis (mNRF) with the hypoglossal nerve rootlets retained.

[Nitric oxide is involved in the modulation of central respiratory rhythm].

This experiment was expected to test whether nitric oxide (NO) exerted significant effect on the central respiratory rhythm. Experiments were performed on in vitro brainstem slice preparations from neonatal rats. These preparations include the medial region of the nucleus retrofacialis (mNRF); a part of pre-Bötinger complex, ventral respiratory group (VRG) and dorsal respiratory group (DRG).

Projections between the medial region of the nucleus retrofacialis and other respiratory regions in rats brainstem.

Objective: To study the projections between the medial region of the nucleus retrofacialis (mNRF) and other respiratory regions in rat brainstem.

Methods: Twenty-five adult SD rats were used in this study, which received anesthesia with sodium pentobarbitone. Retrograde/anterograde tracing methods were employed by unilateral microinjection into mNRF with 30% horseradish peroxidase (HRP, 0.