Effects of plateau hypoxia on population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: Metformin is the basic drug for treating diabetes, and the plateau hypoxic environment is an important factor affecting the pharmacokinetics of metformin, but there have been no reports of metformin pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) in the high-altitude hypoxic environment. This study aims to investigate the effect of the hypoxic environment on the pharmacokinetics and assess the efficacy and safety of metformin administration in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 85 patients with T2DM taking metformin tablets in the plateau group (=32, altitude: 1 500 m) and control group (=53, altitude: 3 800 m) were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 172 blood samples were collected in the plateau group and the control Group.

Effects of salidroside on exercise tolerance of mice under high altitude hypoxia environment.

Objective: To investigate the effect of salidroside on the exercise tolerance of mice under high altitude hypoxia environment.

Methods: C57BL/6J healthy male mice were randomly divided into normoxia control group, model control group, capsule group and salidroside low-dose (5 mg/kg), medium-dose (10 mg/kg) and high-dose (20 mg/kg) groups, with 15 mice in each group. After 3 days, all groups (except the normoxia control group) entered a plateau with an altitude of 4010 m.

Anti-hypoxic pharmacological effects of betelnut polyphenols.

L. medicinal materials and their preparations are widely used in clinical practice. Betelnut polyphenol is one of the main chemical components with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects.

The Emerging Role of RNA Modifications in the Regulation of Antiviral Innate Immunity.

Posttranscriptional modifications have been implicated in regulation of nearly all biological aspects of cellular RNAs, from stability, translation, splicing, nuclear export to localization. Chemical modifications also have been revealed for virus derived RNAs several decades before, along with the potential of their regulatory roles in virus infection. Due to the dynamic changes of RNA modifications during virus infection, illustrating the mechanisms of RNA epigenetic regulations remains a challenge.

Nitrogen Supply Alters Rice Defense Against the Striped Stem Borer .

Plant nutrition status is closely associated with plant defense against insect herbivores. However, the way nitrogen supply regulates rice anti-herbivore is not clear. This study investigated the effects of low (LN, 0.

Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Promotes Oxidative Burst, Stomatal Closure and Plant Immunity in Bacterial Invasion.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a vital role in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the role of PI3K in plant immunity is largely unknown. This study showed that PI3K enhanced resistance to pv DC3000 ( DC3000) and DC3000 ().

Received Signal Strength-Based Indoor Localization Using Hierarchical Classification.

Commercial interests in indoor localization have been increasing in the past decade. The success of many applications relies at least partially on indoor localization that is expected to provide reliable indoor position information. Wi-Fi received signal strength (RSS)-based indoor localization techniques have attracted extensive attentions because Wi-Fi access points (APs) are widely deployed and we can obtain the Wi-Fi RSS measurements without extra hardware cost.

Enhancement of Jasmonate-Mediated Antiherbivore Defense Responses in Tomato by Acetic Acid, a Potent Inducer for Plant Protection.

Acetic acid (AA) has been proved as a chemical that could prime the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway for plant drought tolerance. In this study, the capability of AA for priming of tomato defense against a chewing caterpillar and its underlying molecular mechanism were evaluated. AA pretreatment significantly increased tomato resistance against larvae.

Metformin Regulating miR-34a Pathway to Inhibit Egr1 in Rat Mesangial Cells Cultured with High Glucose.

Background: Activating AMPK negatively regulates Egr1 to inhibit inflammatory cytokines in high glucose. miR-34a inhibition increases phosphorylated AMPK through mediating SIRT1 to suppress the development of fatty liver.

Aim Of The Study: To clarify the function of Egr1 on the inflammation and fibrosis in high glucose-cultured MCs, as well as to explore the effects of metformin on miR-34a pathway and Egr1 expression.

A Trajectory-Based Coverage Assessment Approach for Universal Sensor Networks.

To solve the problem of coverage performance assessment, this study proposes an evaluation method based on the trajectory of the target, which is applicable to universal sensor networks, including both heterogeneous and homogeneous sensor networks. Different from the traditional Voronoi algorithm, the proposed Improved Coverage Force Division (ICFD) plans a coverage force division map whichscales the qualitative coverage performancebasedon both covering intensities andlocations of the nodes. Furthermore, the Trajectory-based Evaluating Schedule (TES) is responsible for solving the quantitative coverage evaluationproblem by measuringthe resulting trajectories' Balance Values (BVs).

The changes of serum sKlotho and NGAL levels and their correlation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different stages of urinary albumin.

Objective: To investigate the changes of serum anti-aging protein Klotho and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels and their correlation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients at different stages of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) determined by urinary albuminuria.

Methods: 462 cases with T2DM were divided into three groups: normoalbuminuric [N-UAlb; urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) < 30 mg/g, n=180], microalbuminuric [M-UAlb; UACR 30-300 mg/g, n = 158], macroalbuminuric [L-UAlb; UACR > 300 mg/g, n = 124]. The levels of serum soluble-Klotho (sKlotho), NGAL, 8-isoprostane prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all cases and 160 control subjects.

[Childhood-onset myasthenia gravis: the analysis of influencing factors of therapeutic effect and prognosis].

Objective: Though myasthenia gravis (MG) is a typical autoimmune disorder, there was some controversy on the treatment of the childhood-onset MG. By observing the efficacy of different therapies, the authors analyzed the affecting factors of prognosis in childhood-onset MG.

Method: The retrospective data of 155 patients with childhood-onset MG (age of MG onset was less than 15 years) were collected from Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital (January 2000 - February 2010).