Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 in hypoglycemic counterregulation for type 1 diabetes management.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency and the need for exogenous insulin. A significant concern in T1D management is hypoglycemia, which is worsened by impaired counterregulatory mechanisms. Effective counterregulation involves hormones such as glucagon and adrenaline, which work to restore normal blood glucose levels.

Novel gene mutation in maturity-onset diabetes of the young: A case report.

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY3), caused by mutations in the gene, is the most common subtype of MODY. The diagnosis of MODY3 is critical because a low dose of sulfonylurea agents can achieve glucose control.

Case Summary: We describe a patient with MODY3 involving a novel splicing mutation, in whom low-dose gliclazide was sufficient to control clinically significant hyperglycemia.

Association between serum Sestrin2 level and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic and serious microvascular complication of diabetes linked to redox imbalance. Sestrin2, a novel inducible stress protein, participates in glucose metabolic regulation and redox homeostasis. However, the association between serum Sestrin2 and DPN is unknown.

High Maternal Serum Estradiol in First Trimester of Multiple Pregnancy Contributes to Small for Gestational Age via DNMT1-Mediated CDKN1C Upregulation.

High maternal serum estradiol (E) levels in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with a high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of first-trimester high maternal serum E levels on fetal growth and the underlying mechanisms in multiple pregnancies. Maternal serum E levels of women at 8 weeks of gestation were measured.

Novel insight into perirenal adipose tissue: A neglected adipose depot linking cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease.

Obesity is associated with adverse metabolic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These obesity-related diseases are highly associated with excess fat accumulation in adipose tissue. However, emerging evidence indicates that visceral adiposity associates more with metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.

Aberrant expression and DNA methylation of lipid metabolism genes in PCOS: a new insight into its pathogenesis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), whose etiology remains uncertain, is a highly heterogenous and genetically complex endocrine disorder. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in granulosa cells (GCs) from PCOS patients and make epigenetic insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS.

Results: Included in this study were 110 women with PCOS and 119 women with normal ovulatory cycles undergoing in vitro fertilization acting as the control group.

[Effects of inward rectifier potassium channel blockers on EPCs function].

Objective: To investigate the effects of inward rectifier potassium channel blockers (BaCl2, CsCl) on the functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).

Methods: Density gradient centrifugation-isolated rat hone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in vitro. EPCs were harvested and seeded on six culture dish when cells grew to 3-5 passages.

Preliminary proteomic analysis on the alterations in follicular fluid proteins from women undergoing natural cycles or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

Purpose: To study the differences in protein expression profiles of follicular fluid (FF) between controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and natural ovulatory cycles.

Methods: Twelve infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), with matched clinical information, were retrospectively recruited in the IVF center of our university hospital, including six undergoing COH and another six with natural cycles. FF was sampled from dominant follicles with mature oocytes.

[Relationship between gastrointestinal dyskinesis and gastrointestinal neurons in diabetic mellitus: experiment with rats].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between gastrointestinal dyskinesis and histologic changes of gastrointestinal myenteric plexus cholinergic and nitrergic neurons in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: 45 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetic group and insulin group. 16 weeks after diabetic model established, gastrointestinal motility of rats was measured and histologic changes of myenteric plexus cholinergic neuron and nitrergic neuron was observed.

[The expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the intervention of different estrogens in rat bone metabolism].

In this present study, female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) as the models of osteoporosis. The aim is to determine the different mechanisms of estrogen receptor(ER) alpha and beta pathway in mediating estrogen to participate in trabecular bone metabolism, and to further explore the distinction of modulation on ER alpha or ER beta between estrogens with different components. Mature female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were randomly divided into four groups: group Control (sham operated), group OVX (only ovariectomized), group CEE (OVX rats treated with conjugated equine estrogens) and group EV (OVX rats treated with estradiol valerate).