[Analysis of Oncomelania hupensis status in schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Yunnan Province in 2015].

Objective: To understand the Oncomelania hupensis distribution and infection status in the schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Yunnan Province, so as to provide the evidence for making the control and prevention measures.

Methods: Eighteen administrative villages were selected as the surveillance sites where the schistosomiasis endemic was serious in 18 epidemic counties, one village for one county. The snail status was investigated with the systematic sampling and environmental sampling methods, and the infection status of the snails was detected by a microscope and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).

[Runoff Pollution Experiments of Paddy Fields Under Different Irrigation Patterns].

To study runoff and non-point source pollution of paddy fields and to provide a scientific basis for agricultural water management of paddy fields, paddy plots in the Jintan City and the Liyang City were chosen for experiments on non-point source pollution, and flood irrigation and intermittent irrigation patterns were adopted in this research. The surface water level and rainfall were observed during the growing season of paddies, and the runoff amount from paddy plots and loads of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were calculated by different methods. The results showed that only five rain events of totally 27 rainfalls and one artificially drainage formed non-point source pollution from flood irrigated paddy plot, which resulted in a TN export coefficient of 49.

[Effect evaluation of water conservancy project with ditches managed against in Yunnan Province].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hydraulic schistosomiasis control project with ditches managed on snail control.

Methods: From 2009 to 2011, the snail investigations and schistosomiasis surveillance were carried out in Dali City and Yongsheng County, two sites of national schistosomiasis surveillance. The history data of schistosomiasis control were collected and analyzed.

[Molluscicidal effect of 5% powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules (NEG) in field of mountainous areas in Yunnan Province].

Objective: To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 5% powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules (NEG) in the field of mountainous areas in Yunnan Province.

Methods: The grasslands with Oncomelania hupensis snail habitats were chosen in Beideng Village, Heqing County, Yunnan Province, and were divided into 7 groups (groups of NEG 30 g/m2, NEG 40 g/m2, NEG 50 g/m2, NEG 40 g/m2 plus obstacle clearing, 50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder (WPN) 6 g/m2, WPN 6 g/m2 plus obstacle clearing, and fresh water). The snail death rates and the densities of living snails were investigated and the results were compared in the different groups 7 d, 15 d, and 30 d after the implementation.

[Study on spatio-temporal pattern of mountainous Oncomelania hupensis snails at village scale in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province].

Objective: To develop a spatio-temporal model of mountainous Oncomelania hupensis snails based on the Bayesian model, and to analyze and identify the spatio-temporal pattern at a village scale.

Methods: The data including the intensity and spatial distribution of live and infected snails from 2000 to 2006 and the village boundary were collected. The independent and interactive spatio-temporal models were established, and then the best fitness model was selected to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of live and infected snails.

[Effect of a novel plant molluscicide "Luo-wei" against Oncomelania hupensis in plateau mountain areas].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a novel plant molluscicide, 4%"Luo-wei" (Tea-seed distilled saponins, TDS) against Oncomelania hupensis snails in plateau mountain areas in Yunnan Province.

Methods: The immersing and spraying experiments were carried out in the ditches and grassland of Xiaolian Administrative Village in Heqing County, Yunnan Province, to assess the molluscicidal effect of 4% TDS comparing with 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPN) in different environments and time.

Results: After immersion for 24, 48 h and 72 h, the snail death rates were 70.