Structural equation modeling to evaluate the adult vaccine hesitancy scale for vaccines recommended during pregnancy.

Introduction: Acceptance of recommended vaccines is lower among pregnant people compared to non-pregnant adults, yet no tool has specifically measured prenatal vaccine hesitancy. We evaluated the performance of an existing adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (aVHS) in measuring vaccine hesitancy toward routinely recommended prenatal vaccines.

Methods: Between December 2021 and April 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional national online survey with 917 US postpartum adults 18-49 years old who had given birth in the past six months.

The EQ-5D-3L Valuation Study in Pakistan.

Background: To utilize EQ-5D in economic evaluations, a societal-based value set is needed. To date, no value sets exist for any EQ-5D instrument in Pakistan. Previous EQ-5D studies conducted in Pakistan 'borrowed' health preferences developed in other countries.

A cross-country comparison of health-related quality of life in the United States, Sweden, and Norway during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Limited studies have directly compared health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in different countries during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the HRQoL outcomes in the US, Sweden, and Norway during the first year under the pandemic.

Methods: In April 2020, during early phase of the pandemic, separately in the US, Sweden, and Norway, we surveyed 2,734, 1,003 and 1,020 respondents, then again in January 2021, we collected 2,252, 1,013 and 1,011 respondents.

Measurement of Health-Related Quality of Life from Conception to Postpartum Using the EQ-5D-5L Among a National Sample of US Pregnant and Postpartum Adults.

Background: During pregnancy, physiological changes occur from conception to birth. We assessed the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) throughout pregnancy and postpartum using the EQ-5D-5L.

Methods: Between May and July 2021 (wave 1) and December 2021 and April 2022 (wave 2), we conducted a series of cross-sectional, national online surveys of 5250 pregnant and postpartum United States (US) adults.

Findings from a Roundtable Discussion with US Stakeholders on Valuation of the EQ-5D-Y-3L.

Objectives: The International Valuation Protocol for the valuation of the EQ-5D-Y-3L provides baseline guidance, but country-specific context is also important. This study aimed to obtain US stakeholders' input on key considerations for youth valuation in the US.

Methods: A total of 14 stakeholders representing various backgrounds were identified via the investigators' networks.

Modifying the Composite Time Trade-Off Method to Improve Its Discriminatory Power.

Objectives: In cost-effectiveness analysis of health technologies, health state utilities are needed. They are often elicited with a composite time trade-off (cTTO) method, particularly for the widely used EQ-5D-5L. Unfortunately, cTTO discriminatory power is hindered by (1) respondents' nontrading (NT) of time for quality, (2) censoring of utilities at -1, and (3) poor correlation of negative utilities with state severity.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and coverage among pregnant persons in the United States.

Pregnant persons are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. Although vaccination is recommended, COVID-19 vaccination rates are lower among pregnant persons compared to the non-pregnant population. We aimed to evaluate acceptance of any dose of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy.

Predicting panel attrition in longitudinal HRQoL surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US.

Background: Online longitudinal surveys may be subject to potential biases due to sample attrition. This study was designed to identify potential predictors of attrition using a longitudinal panel survey collected during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Three waves of data were collected using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), an online crowd-sourced platform.

A Pilot Study of Valuation Methods of the EQ-5D and the Impact of Literacy, Cultural, and Religious Factors on Preferences.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the feasibility of the 3-level-EQ-5D valuation methods and the impact of literacy, culture, and religion on the preferences of the Pakistani population.

Methods: Respondents aged 18 to 65 years were recruited using quota sampling. The EuroQol Portable Valuation Technology was used, and data collection was done in Urdu.

A US Population Health Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 Using the EQ-5D-5L.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in negative impacts on the economy, population health, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL).

Objective: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on US population HRQoL using the EQ-5D-5L.

Design: We surveyed respondents on physical and mental health, demographics, socioeconomics, brief medical history, current COVID-19 status, sleep, dietary, financial, and spending changes.

Complications and Health Care Costs Associated With Transvenous Cardiac Pacemakers in a Nationwide Assessment.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively characterize transvenous pacemaker (TVP) complications and associated health care costs in a large-scale U.S. patient cohort.

Cost-effectiveness of percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure as secondary stroke prevention.

Objective: Compared to medical therapy alone, percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) further reduces risk of recurrent ischemic strokes in carefully selected young to middle-aged patients with a recent cryptogenic ischemic stroke. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this therapy in the context of the United Kingdom (UK) healthcare system.

Methods: A Markov cohort model consisting of four health states (Stable after index stroke, Post-Minor Recurrent Stroke, Post-Moderate Recurrent Stroke, and Death) was developed to simulate the economic outcomes of device-based PFO closure compared to medical therapy.

Relationship between local family physician supply and influenza vaccination after controlling for individual and neighborhood effects.

Background: Family physicians (FPs) play an important role in influenza vaccination. We investigated how local FP supply is associated with influenza vaccination, controlling for both individual-level and county-level characteristics.

Methods: The 2008-2010 individual-level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were merged with county-level data from the Area Resource File (n = 985,157).

A literature review of cost-effectiveness analyses of prostate-specific antigen test in prostate cancer screening.

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in American men, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is its common screening procedure. In May 2012, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended against PSA-based screening. These recommendations contradict the current recommendations of other organizations such as the American Urological Association.

Estimating preference-based EQ-5D health state utilities or item responses from neuropathic pain scores.

Background: Preference-based health state utilities are required for many health economic evaluations. When the direct evidence of such is lacking and only condition-specific scores are available, establishing a 'mapping' relationship between instruments can be useful.

Objective: Our objective was to map the 11-point Pain Intensity Numerical Rating Scale (PI-NRS-11), a pain-specific instrument ranging from 0 ('no pain') to 10 ('pain as bad as you can imagine'), to the EQ-5D, a preference-based generic instrument.

Mapping of the Insomnia Severity Index and other sleep measures to EuroQol EQ-5D health state utilities.

Background: This study sought to map the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and symptom variables onto the EQ-5D.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult US residents with self-reported sleep problems. Respondents provided demographic, comorbidity, and sleep-related information and had completed the ISI and the EQ-5D profile.

Comparison of one and two-stage revision of total hip arthroplasty complicated by infection: a Markov expected-utility decision analysis.

Background: Two-stage revisions of total hip arthroplasties complicated by chronic infection result in reinfection rates that are lower than those following single-stage revisions but may also result in increased surgical morbidity. Using a decision analysis, we compared single-stage and two-stage revisions to determine which treatment modality resulted in greater quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).

Methods: A review of the literature on the treatment of patients with an infection at the site of a total hip arthroplasty provided probabilities; utility values for common postoperative health states were determined in a previously published study.

Comparison of methods for measuring dose escalation of the subcutaneous TNF antagonists for rheumatoid arthritis patients treated in routine clinical practice.

Objectives: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists, most frequently prescribed biologics for moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are subject to dose escalation. Even though different methods have been employed to estimate the timing and magnitude of dose escalation, there is no consensus on which method is optimal. The purpose was to evaluate different methods for assessing dose escalation patterns for the subcutaneously delivered TNF antagonists, etanercept and adalimumab.

Association between insurance gaps and continued antihypertension medication usage in a US national representative population.

Background: Medication persistence is important for adequate control of blood pressure. In this article, we assess the association between gaps in insurance coverage and continued antihypertensive medication using a US national representative sample.

Methods: We used three recent panels from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).

A comparison of physician and patient time trade-offs for postoperative hip outcomes.

Objective: To elicit infected hip arthroplasty preferences from outpatients and surgeons using time trade-off method based on a paper-based survey.

Methods: Outpatients were included if they were 20 to 80 years of age, did not have a history of hip pain or surgery, and did not have a diagnosis of dementia. Orthopedic surgeons were high-volume joint replacement specialists or who performed >or=50 joint replacements per year.

The effect of patient satisfaction with pharmacist consultation on medication adherence: an instrumental variable approach.

Unlabelled: There are limited studies on quantifying the impact of patient satisfaction with pharmacist consultation on patient medication adherence.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of patient satisfaction with pharmacist consultation services on medication adherence in a large managed care organization.

Methods: We analyzed data from a patient satisfaction survey of 6,916 patients who had used pharmacist consultation services in Kaiser Permanente Southern California from 1993 to 1996.