Leptin action on ARC-PVN neural circuit regulates ejaculation behavior by altering sympathetic neuroplasticity.

Background: Although some studies have revealed the close relationship between leptin and premature ejaculation in clinical practice, whether and how leptin participates in the regulation of ejaculatory behaviors are still unknown.

Objective: To explore the role of leptin on ejaculatory behaviors and its underlying mechanism.

Materials And Methods: Copulation behavior tests were performed after acute and chronic leptin administration at peripheral and central levels.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy guided by 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis system: first clinical experience with a novel tele-assistance approach (IDEAL stage 1).

Background: To demonstrate the technical feasibility of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) guided by 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis system (RTDS) in a complex kidney-stone (CKS) cohort and present our preliminary outcomes. PCNL is highly skill-required, which hinders it popularization in primary medical units of remote regions. We designed an innovative tele-assistance approach to make PCNL easy to be operated by inexperienced surgeons.

[Ultra-remote robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for varicocele through 5G network: Report of two cases and review of the literature].

Objective: At present, the longest network transmission distance (NTD) for 5G remote endoscopic surgery is reportedly only about 229 km, and the NTD longer than 5 000 km has not yet been reported in clinical application. In this study, we attempted the clinical application of 5G ultra-remote robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in spermatic vein ligation.

Methods: This retrospective study included two cases of 5G ultra-remote robot-assisted laparoscopic spermatic vein ligation using the home-made Tumai Surgical Robot System.

[Stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction: An update].

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common andrological disorder, and traditional oral drugs often fail to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. As a new field of biomedicine, stem cell therapy (SCT) has seen a significantly increasing number of researches on its treatment of ED in recent years. Preclinical animal models for the study of ED mainly include the models of diabetes mellitus-, aging-, cavernous nerve injury-, and Peyronie's disease-related ED.

[Linshu Decoction combined with levofloxacin for lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with type ⅢA prostatitis].

Objective: To investigate the effect of Linshu Decoction (LSD) combined with levofloxacin in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with type ⅢA prostatitis.

Methods: We randomly divided 124 type ⅢA prostatitis patients with lower urinary tract symptoms into an experimental and a control group, the former treated orally with LSD (1 dose bid) combined with levofloxacin tablets (0.1 g bid), and the latter with levofloxacin tablets only (0.

Prostate-derived IL-1β upregulates expression of NMDA receptor in the paraventricular nucleus and shortens ejaculation latency in rats with experimental autoimmune prostatitis.

Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP)-induced persistent inflammatory immune response can significantly upregulate the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). However, the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we screened out the target prostate-derived inflammation cytokines (PDICs) by comparing the inflammatory cytokine levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between EAP rats and their controls.

A novel signature constructed by ferroptosis-associated genes (FAGs) for the prediction of prognosis in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) and associated with immune infiltration.

Background: Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers. Nevertheless, the potential function and prognostic values of ferroptosis in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) are complex and remain to be clarified. Therefore, we proposed to systematically examine the roles of ferroptosis-associated genes (FAGs) in BLCA.

A Novel Set of Immune-associated Gene Signature predicts Biochemical Recurrence in Localized Prostate Cancer Patients after Radical Prostatectomy.

Decision-making regarding biochemical recurrence (BCR) in localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) mainly relies on clinicopathological parameters with a low predictive accuracy. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that immune-associated genes (IAGs) play irreplaceable roles in tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis. Considering the critical role of immune in PCa, we therefore attempted to identify the novel IAGs signature and validate its prognostic value that can better forecast the risk for BCR and guide clinical treatment.

Age-Related Differences in Molecular Profiles for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have significantly improved the prognosis and shown considerable promise for cancer therapy; however, differences in ICB treatment efficacy between the elderly and young are unknown. We analyzed the studies enrolled in the meta-analysis using the deft approach, and found no difference in efficacy except melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy. Similarly, higher treatment response rate and more favorable prognosis were observed in elderly patients in some cancer types (e.

The Identification and Validation of a Robust Immune-Associated Gene Signature in Cutaneous Melanoma.

Background: Cutaneous melanoma is defined as one of the most aggressive skin tumors in the world. An increasing body of evidence suggested an indispensable association between immune-associated gene (IAG) signature and melanoma. This article is aimed at formulating an IAG signature to estimate prognosis of melanoma.

[Role of microRNAs in erectile dysfunction: An update].

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs consisting of approximately 19－23 nucleotides and involved in many pathological and physiological processes by regulating post-transcriptional gene expressions. ED is one of the common male sexual dysfunctions seriously affecting the patient's quality of life, for which there is currently a lack of effective treatments clinically. More and more experiments have demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in the pathological process of different types of ED.

[Mu-opioid receptors in the paraventricular nucleus regulate ejaculatory behaviors via the sympathetic nerve system in male rats].

Objective: To explore the effects of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on the ejaculatory behaviors of male rats and its potential mechanisms.

Methods: Male SD rats with normal ejaculation ability were mated with female ones in hormone-induced estrus. After bilateral PVN microinjection of D-Ala-2-Me-Phe-4-Gly-ol enkephalin (DAGO) or D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP) with an inserted catheter, the male animals were observed for mount latency (ML), mount frequency (MF), intromission latency (IL), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation latency (EL), ejaculation frequency (EF), post-ejaculation interval (PEI), and intromission ratio (IR).

[Management of androgenic diseases during the epidemic of COVID-19 pneumonia].

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia has been classified as a category B and dealt with as a category A infectious disease by the National Health Commission of China, and also as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. During the epidemic, unnecessary visits to hospitals may increase the risk of infection among patients and clinicians. Therefore, it is particularly important to provide some scientific medical guidance for patients with male diseases, which is also a current imperative for andrology management.

Upregulated expression of NMDA receptor in the paraventricular nucleus shortens ejaculation latency in rats with experimental autoimmune prostatitis.

Background: Estimated 30%-40% of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) suffer from premature ejaculation (PE), which is difficult to cure, but the mechanism is still unknown. Based on the results of our previous clinical studies and animal experiments, we propose that the glutamatergic system dysfunction in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may be involved.

Methods: To test this hypothesis, we used experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) rats to investigate the effects of CP/CPPS on ejaculation behavior through integrating copulatory behavior testing, neuroelectrophysiologic experiments, and molecular biology technologies.

A twelve-gene signature for survival prediction in malignant melanoma patients.

Background: Melanoma is defined as a highly mutational heterogeneous disease containing numerous alternations of the molecule. However, due to the phenotypically and genetically heterogeneity of malignant melanoma, conventional clinical characteristics remain restricted or limited in the ability to accurately predict individual outcomes and survival. This study aimed to establish an accurate gene expression signature to predict melanoma prognosis.

m6A RNA methylation regulators correlate with malignant progression and have potential predictive values in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been reported to be involved in several biological processes in tumors. In this study, we found that most of the m6A RNA methylation regulators were not only differentially expressed between clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and normal but also among ccRCC stratified by different clinicopathologic characters. Two ccRCC subgroups, cluster 1 and 2, were identified using consensus clustering based on the expression of m6A methylation regulators.

[Glans-preserving surgery for superficial penile squamous cell carcinoma ≥2 cm in diameter].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of glans-preserving surgery (GPS) in the treatment of superficial penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) with the lesion diameter of ≥2 cm.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 69 cases of superficial PSCC (≤T1aN0) treated by GPS (n = 36) or radical surgery (total or partial penectomy, n = 33) from July 2007 to July 2017.

Results: The mean tumor diameter and depth of invasion were 3.

Inhibitory Role of Gamma-Aminobutyric Receptors in Paraventricular Nucleus on Ejaculatory Responses in Rats.

Background: Although abnormal sympathetic nerve system (SNS) activity has been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of ejaculation disorders, few data are available on its underlying mechanism.

Aim: To investigate whether differences in ejaculatory behavior of rats were associated with the state of SNS activity and gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) receptor expressions in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and the effects of GABA receptors in the PVN on ejaculatory behavior.

Methods: Based on ejaculatory performance, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into "sluggish," "normal," and "rapid" ejaculators.

MMP-8 C-799 T, Lys460Thr, and Lys87Glu variants are not related to risk of cancer.

Background: Several studies have focused on the relationship between MMP-8 variants and cancer risk, but they have been unsuccessful in drawing reliable conclusions.

Methods: We employed odds ratio (OR) together with 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the correlation between MMP-8 C-799 T, Lys460Thr, and Lys87Glu polymorphisms and cancer risk. We further employed in silico tools to evaluate the effect of MMP-8 expression on cancer susceptibility and overall survival time.

Effects of mu opioid receptors in paraventricular nucleus on ejaculation through mediating sympathetic nerve system activity.

To investigate the roles of mu opioid receptors (MORs) in paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) on ejaculation and its underlying mechanism in the rats, we performed copulation behavioral testing and acute experiments. During the acute experiments, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), bulbospongiosus muscle-electromyogram (BSM-EMG) and pressure of vas deferens (P were all recorded. The expression levels and distributions of opioid receptors were also assessed in PVN of male rats.

Robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy with sequential clamping of segmental renal arteries for multiple ipsilateral renal tumors: initial outcomes.

Background: To assess the technical feasibility and outcomes of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) with sequential segmental renal artery (SRA) clamping for multiple ipsilateral renal tumors (MIRTs).

Methods: From April 2016 to February 2018, consecutive eleven cases successfully underwent RPN with sequential SRA clamping under the guidance of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT).

Results: Ten cases had two lesions and two cases had three at the ipsilateral kidneys.

Losartan improves erectile function through suppression of corporal apoptosis and oxidative stress in rats with cavernous nerve injury.

This study aimed to investigate the functional and morphological changes in the corpus cavernosum after cavernous nerve (CN) injury or neurectomy and then reveal whether treatment with the angiotensin II Type 1 receptor antagonist losartan would improve erectile function as well as its potential mechanisms. A total of 48 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats, weighing 300-350 g, were randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 12 per group): sham operation (Sham) group, bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) group, losartan-treated BCNI (BCNI + Losartan) group, and bilateral cavernous neurectomy (Neurectomy) group. Losartan was administered once daily by oral gavage at a dose of 30 mg kg day for 4 weeks starting on the day of surgery.