Recent advances in gut microbiota and thyroid disease: pathogenesis and therapeutics in autoimmune, neoplastic, and nodular conditions.

This review synthesizes key findings from the past five years of experimental literature, elucidating the gut microbiome's significant influence on the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases. A pronounced shift in the gut microbiota composition has been consistently observed, with a significant reduction in bacteria such as , , , and , and a notable increase in bacteria, including , , , , and . These alterations are implicated in the development and progression of thyroid diseases by impacting metabolic pathways including bile acid and cytokine production, including a decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that are crucial for immune regulation and thyroid hormone homeostasis.

Effect of composite yeast culture on the jejunal barrier function, inflammatory response, and microbial community structure of laying hens during the late stage of egg production.

During the late laying period, the intestinal barrier of laying hens is susceptible to damage, resulting in enteric infections and even systemic inflammatory responses, posing a major challenge for the poultry industry. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate methods for addressing intestinal inflammation in late laying hens. In order to maximize the production potential of egg laying chickens, farmers usually use various feed additives to prevent damage to the intestinal barrier.

Commensal-pathogen dynamics structure disease outcomes during Clostridioides difficile colonization.

Gastrointestinal colonization by Clostridioides difficile is common in healthcare settings and ranges in presentation from asymptomatic carriage to lethal C. difficile infection (CDI). We used a systems biology approach to investigate why patients colonized with C.

Epigenetic effects of exercise on improving the adverse placental environment associated with maternal overweight and obesity.

Objective: We aimed to explore whether maternal exercise has epigenetic effects on improving the adverse placental environment associated with maternal overweight/obesity.

Methods: Based on samples collected from an RCT cohort, differentially methylated genes and expressed protein-coding RNA were identified in the placentas of 16 women with overweight and obesity who did or did not participate in an exercise intervention using the Infinium HumanMethylation850 BeadChip array and RNA Sequencing-Based lncRNA Profiling. Potential target genes were further identified by integrating this information.

A yeast-based oral therapeutic delivers immune checkpoint inhibitors to reduce intestinal tumor burden.

Engineered probiotics are an emerging platform for in situ delivery of therapeutics to the gut. Herein, we developed an orally administered, yeast-based therapeutic delivery system to deliver next-generation immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) proteins directly to gastrointestinal tumors. We engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae var.

Thioredoxin C of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 contributes to virulence by inducing antioxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy via the MSR1/PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in macrophages.

The thioredoxin (Trx) system plays a vital role in protecting against oxidative stress and ensures correct disulfide bonding to maintain protein function. Our previous research demonstrated that TrxA of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 (SS2), a clinical strain from the lung of a diseased pig, contributes to virulence but is not involved in antioxidative stress. In this study, we identified another gene in the Trx family, TrxC, which encodes a protein of 104 amino acids with a CGDC active motif and 22.

Effect of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on neurodevelopment: Evidence-based risk assessment in the TRAEC strategy context.

Although emerging evidence on the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and neurodevelopment have been investigated, there is no consensus on the effect of maternal PFASs on neurodevelopment in offspring. Here, we assessed the risk of maternal PFASs exposure on the neurodevelopment of offspring using a novel Targeted Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals (TRAEC) strategy based on multiple evidence. The evidence from five online databases were analyzed the effect of PFASs on neurodevelopment.

Clinical sequelae of gut microbiome development and disruption in hospitalized preterm infants.

Aberrant preterm infant gut microbiota assembly predisposes to early-life disorders and persistent health problems. Here, we characterize gut microbiome dynamics over the first 3 months of life in 236 preterm infants hospitalized in three neonatal intensive care units using shotgun metagenomics of 2,512 stools and metatranscriptomics of 1,381 stools. Strain tracking, taxonomic and functional profiling, and comprehensive clinical metadata identify Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, and staphylococci as primarily exploiting available niches to populate the gut microbiome.

Commensal-pathogen dynamics structure disease outcomes during colonization.

Gastrointestinal colonization by is common in healthcare settings and ranges in clinical presentation from asymptomatic carriage to lethal infection (CDI). We used a systems biology approach to investigate why patients colonized with have a range of outcomes. Microbiota-humanization of germ-free mice with fecal samples from toxigenic C.

Association of diabetes with cardiovascular calcification and all-cause mortality in end-stage renal disease in the early stages of hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The main goal of this study was to examine how diabetes, cardiovascular calcification characteristics and other risk factors affect mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the early stages of hemodialysis.

Methods: A total of 285 ESRD patients in the early stages of hemodialysis were enrolled in this research, including 101 patients with diabetes. Survival time was monitored, and general data, biochemical results, cardiac ultrasound calcification of valvular tissue, and thoracic CT calcification of the coronary artery and thoracic aorta were recorded.

Lipid-lowering effect and oral transport characteristics study of curculigoside.

Introduction: The incidence of metabolic disorders during pregnancy is increasing year by year, with diseases including hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Statins are the primary drugs for treating hyperlipidemia or atherosclerosis, yet some patients remain unresponsive to them, and pregnant women are prohibited from taking statins. Curculigoside is the major biologically active natural product present in .

Gut virome and diabetes: discovering links, exploring therapies.

This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between the gut virome and diabetes, elucidating the mechanisms by which the virome engages with both human cells and the intestinal bacteriome. By examining a decade of scientific literature, we provide a detailed account of the distinct viral variations observed in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our synthesis reveals that the gut virome significantly influences the development of both diabetes types through its interactions, which indirectly modulate immune and inflammatory responses.

Risk assessment and prediction of nosocomial infections based on surveillance data using machine learning methods.

Background: Nosocomial infections with heavy disease burden are becoming a major threat to the health care system around the world. Through long-term, systematic, continuous data collection and analysis, Nosocomial infection surveillance (NIS) systems are constructed in each hospital; while these data are only used as real-time surveillance but fail to realize the prediction and early warning function. Study is to screen effective predictors from the routine NIS data, through integrating the multiple risk factors and Machine learning (ML) methods, and eventually realize the trend prediction and risk threshold of Incidence of Nosocomial infection (INI).

Exploration of the prognostic value of methylation regulators related to m5C in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has increased significantly in recent years, and for patients with metastatic and recurrent PTC, the options for treatment currently available are insufficient. To date, the exact molecular mechanism underlying PTC is still not fully understood. 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) RNA methylation is associated with the prognosis of a variety of tumors.

Increased triacylglycerol production in Rhodococcus opacus by overexpressing transcriptional regulators.

Lignocellulosic biomass is currently underutilized, but it offers promise as a resource for the generation of commercial end-products, such as biofuels, detergents, and other oleochemicals. Rhodococcus opacus PD630 is an oleaginous, Gram-positive bacterium with an exceptional ability to utilize recalcitrant aromatic lignin breakdown products to produce lipid molecules such as triacylglycerols (TAGs), which are an important biofuel precursor. Lipid carbon storage molecules accumulate only under growth-limiting low nitrogen conditions, representing a significant challenge toward using bacterial biorefineries for fuel precursor production.

Demethylase FTO-mediated m6A modification of SIK1 modulates placental cytotrophoblast syncytialization in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a common complication during pregnancy that affects fetoplacental development. We demonstrated the existence of impaired trophoblast syncytialization under hyperglycemic conditions. However, the exact mechanism remains unknown.

Characteristics of Norovirus capsid protein-specific CD8 T-Cell responses in previously infected individuals.

Norovirus (NV) infection causes acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. Upon infection with NV, specific CD8 T cells, which play an important role in anti-infective immunity, are activated in the host. Owing to the NV's wide genotypic variability, it is challenging to develop vaccines with cross-protective abilities against infection.

LINC01002 functions as a ceRNA to regulate FRMD8 by sponging miR-4324 for the development of COVID-19.

Background: Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed various strategies to evade the antiviral impact of type I IFN. Non-structural proteins and auxiliary proteins have been extensively researched on their role in immune escape. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms of structural protein-induced immune evasion have not been well elucidated.

[Exploring the Role of PCDHGB4 in the Occurrence of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis].

Background: Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It has been reported that members of the protocadherin γ family can regulate tumor cell growth by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway. Protocadherin-gamma subfamily B4 (PCDHGB4) as a family member in LUSC was rarely reported.

Silencing of catalase reduces unfavorable low-temperature tolerance capacity in whiteflies.

Background: Temperature is a primary factor that determines the eco-geographical distribution and population development of invasive insects. Temperature stress leads to various negative effects, including excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), and catalase (CAT) is a key enzyme against ROS in the antioxidant pathway. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED is a typical invasive pest that causes damage worldwide.

Gut microbiome and antibiotic resistance effects during travelers' diarrhea treatment and prevention.

The travelers' gut microbiome is potentially assaulted by acute and chronic perturbations (e.g., diarrhea, antibiotic use, and different environments).