The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a type of kidney cancer that arises from the cells lining the tubes of the kidney. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of ccRCC is a complex interplay of various immune cells, cytokines, and signaling pathways. One of the critical features of the ccRCC TIME is the presence of infiltrating immune cells, including T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Y-box binding protein-1 is crucial in acquired drug resistance development in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascular tumor and patients with low risk metastatic RCC of clear-cell histological sub-type (mccRCC) are treated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs), sunitinib, as the first-line of treatment. Unfortunately, TKI resistance eventually develops, and the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood.

Methods: RCC cell-line with metastatic clear-cell histology (Caki-1), and patient samples were analysed to identify the role of Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB-1) in acquired sunitinib-resistance development.

Identification of gene signature for treatment response to guide precision oncology in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common therapy resistant disease with aberrant angiogenic and immunosuppressive features. Patients with metastatic disease are treated with targeted therapies based on clinical features: low-risk patients are usually treated with anti-angiogenic drugs and intermediate/high-risk patients with immune therapy. However, there are no biomarkers available to guide treatment choice for these patients.

Inhibition of GLI2 with antisense-oligonucleotides: A potential therapy for the treatment of bladder cancer.

The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays an integral role in the maintenance and progression of bladder cancer (BCa) and SHH inhibition may be an efficacious strategy for BCa treatment. We assessed an in-house human BCa tissue microarray and found that the SHH transcription factors, GLI1 and GLI2, were increased in disease progression. A panel of BCa cell lines show that two invasive lines, UM-UC-3 and 253J-BV, both express these transcription factors but UM-UC-3 produces more SHH ligand and is less responsive in viability to pathway stimulation by recombinant human SHH or smoothened agonist, and less responsive to inhibitors including the smoothened inhibitors cyclopamine and SANT-1.

Development of a murine intravesical orthotopic human bladder cancer (mio-hBC) model.

We have developed a murine intravesical orthotopic human bladder cancer (mio-hBC) model for the establishment of superficial urothelial cell carcinomas. In this model we catheterize female atyhmic nude mice and pre-treat the bladder with poly-L-lysine for 15 minutes, followed by intravesical instillation of luciferase-transfected human UM-UC-3 cells. Cancer cells are quantified by bioluminescent imaging which has been validated by small animal ultrasound.

The role of netrin-1 in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib.

Introduction: Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the sixth most common malignancy in men in North America. Since ccRCC is a malignancy dependent on neovascularization, current first line systemic therapies like sunitinib, target the formation of new vessels allowing nutrient deprivation and cell death. However, recent studies have shown that patients develop resistance after approximately 1 year of treatment and show disease progression while on therapy.

Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) promotes development of bone metastasis in renal cell carcinoma.

Bone metastasis is an important prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been associated with bone metastasis in several different malignancies. We analyzed the impact of CaSR in bone metastasis in RCC and .

Ethanolic Extract of Butea monosperma Leaves Elevate Blood Insulin Level in Type 2 Diabetic Rats, Stimulate Insulin Secretion in Isolated Rat Islets, and Enhance Hepatic Glycogen Formation.

We measured a vast range of parameters, in an attempt to further elucidate previously claimed antihyperglycemic activity of Butea monosperma. Our study clearly negates the possibility of antidiabetic activity by inhibited gastrointestinal enzyme action or by reduced glucose absorption. Reduction of fasting and postprandial glucose level was reconfirmed (P < 0.

Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Centella asiatica is partly mediated by carbohydrase inhibition and glucose-fiber binding.

Background: Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) was previously reported to have anti-hyperglycemic effects in animal diabetic model rats. However, its activity on organ and tissue level remains unstudied.

Investigation of the central and peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Draksharishta an Indian Ayurvedic formulation.

Rationale: Draksharishta (DRK) is an Ayurvedic formulation approved by the "National formulary of Ayurvedic Medicine 2011", of Bangladesh. It is widely available in the Bangladeshi market as an effective preparation to treat lumbago, sciatia and arthritic pain of joints. But there are very scientific evidences available to support their common uses.