Phytochemical thymoquinone prevents hemoglobin glycoxidation and protofibrils formation: A biophysical aspect.

d-ribose, a reducing sugar, in diabetic hyperglycemia provokes non-enzymatic glycoxidation of hemoglobin (Hb), an abundant protein of red blood cells (RBCs). Different types of intermediates adduct formation occur during glycoxidation, such as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which lead to amyloid formation due to structural and conformational alterations in protein. Therefore, the study of these intermediate adducts plays a pivotal role to discern their relationship with diabetes mellitus and related disorders.

Subcritical Water Extraction of .

In this work, a green extraction technique, subcritical water extraction (SBWE), was employed to extract active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from an important Chinese medicinal herb, (danshen), at various temperatures. The APIs included tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, protocatechualdehyde, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. Traditional herbal decoction (THD) of was also carried out for comparison purposes.

Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions.

In order to facilitate the development of the green subcritical water chromatography technique for vanillin and coumarin, the stability of the compounds under subcritical water conditions was investigated in this work. In addition, their extraction from natural products was also studied. The stability experiments were carried out by heating the mixtures of vanillin and water or coumarin and water at temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 250 C, while subcritical water extractions (SBWE) of both analytes from vanilla beans and whole tonka beans were conducted at 100 C to 200 C.

Separation and Analysis of Aspirin and Metformin HCl Using Green Subcritical Water Chromatography.

Organic solvents are widely used in pharmaceutical and chemical industry for chromatographic separations. In recent years, subcritical water chromatography (SBWC) has shown ability in replacing hazardous organic solvents used in traditional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this work, a pain killer-aspirin-and an antidiabetic drug-metformin HCl-were successfully separated on an XBridge C18 column using no organic solvents in the subcritical water chromatography mobile phase.

Characteristics of iodide activation and inhibition of oxygen evolution by photosystem II.

Oxygen evolution by photosystem II (PSII) is activated by chloride and other monovalent anions. In this study, the effects of iodide on oxygen evolution activity were investigated using PSII-enriched membrane fragments from spinach. In the absence of Cl(-), the dependence of oxygen evolution activity on I(-) concentration showed activation followed by inhibition in both intact PSII and NaCl-washed PSII, which lacked the PsbP and PsbQ subunits.