Effect of 5 years of exercise training on the cardiovascular risk profile of older adults: the Generation 100 randomized trial.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5 years of supervised exercise training (ExComb), and the differential effects of subgroups of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), with control on the cardiovascular risk profile in older adults.

Methods And Results: Older adults aged 70-77 years from Trondheim, Norway (n = 1567, 50% women), able to safely perform exercise training were randomized to 5 years of two weekly sessions of HIIT [∼90% of peak heart rate (HR), n = 400] or MICT (∼70% of peak HR, n = 387), together forming ExComb (n = 787), or control (instructed to follow physical activity recommendations, n = 780). The main outcome was a continuous cardiovascular risk score (CCR), individual cardiovascular risk factors, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak).

Temporal changes in personal activity intelligence and mortality: Data from the aerobics center longitudinal study.

Background: Personal activity intelligence (PAI) is a metric developed to simplify a physically active lifestyle for the participants. Regardless of following today's advice for physical activity, a PAI score ≥100 per week at baseline, an increase in PAI score, and a sustained high PAI score over time were found to delay premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in a large population of Norwegians. However, the association between long-term temporal change in PAI and mortality in other populations have not been investigated.

Effect of exercise training for five years on all cause mortality in older adults-the Generation 100 study: randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of five years of supervised exercise training compared with recommendations for physical activity on mortality in older adults (70-77 years).

Design: Randomised controlled trial.

Setting: General population of older adults in Trondheim, Norway.

Temporal changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of dementia incidence and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with risk of dementia, but whether temporal changes in cardiorespiratory fitness influence the risk of dementia incidence and mortality is still unknown. We aimed to study whether change in estimated cardiorespiratory fitness over time is associated with change in risk of incident dementia, dementia-related mortality, time of onset dementia, and longevity after diagnosis in healthy men and women at baseline.

Methods: We linked data from the prospective Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) done in Nord-Trøndelag, Norway with dementia data from the Health and Memory Study and cause of death registries (n=30 375).

Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI): A new standard in activity tracking for obtaining a healthy cardiorespiratory fitness level and low cardiovascular risk.

Despite all the evidence of health benefits related to physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), low levels of PA have reached pandemic proportions, and inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Lack of time, and inability to self-manage are often cited as main barriers to getting adequate PA. Recently, a new personalized metric for PA tracking named Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI) was developed with the aim to make it easier to quantify how much PA per week is needed to reduce the risk of premature mortality from non-communicable diseases.

Personal Activity Intelligence and Mortality in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: The HUNT Study.

Objective: To test whether Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI), a personalized metric of physical activity (PA) tracking, is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in patients with self-reported CVD and to determine whether these associations change depending on whether contemporary PA recommendations are met.

Patients And Methods: A total of 3133 patients with CVD (mean [SD] age, 67.6 [10.

Predictors of Dropout in Exercise Trials in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study.

Purpose: Dropout from exercise programs, both in the real world and in research, is a challenge, and more information on dropout predictors is needed for establishing strategies to increase the likelihood of maintaining participants in a prescribed exercise program. The aim of the present study was to determine the dropout rate and its predictors during a 3-yr exercise program in older adults.

Methods: In total, 1514 men and women (mean ± SD age = 72.

Do weather changes influence physical activity level among older adults? - The Generation 100 study.

Introduction: Understanding how individual and environmental factors impact physical activity (PA) level is important when building strategies to improve PA of older adults. No studies have examined how hour-to-hour weather changes influence PA in older adults or how the association between weather and PA eventually is related to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured as peak oxygen uptake. The aim of this study was therefore to examine how hour-to-hour changes in weather effects hour-to-hour PA in a cohort of Norwegian older adults across CRF levels, gender and seasons.

Cardiorespiratory Reference Data in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study.

Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is regarded a clinical vital sign, and accurate reference values for all age groups are essential. Little data exist on CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older adults. The aim of this study was to provide normative values for CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older adults, including people with history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Absolute and relative accelerometer thresholds for determining the association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome in the older adults: The Generation-100 study.

Background: When assessing population adherence to physical activity (PA) recommendation using accelerometers, absolute intensity threshold definition is applied despite having limited validity in those with low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), who are unable to reach them (e.g older adults). Thus, PA thresholds relative to CRF may be an alternative approach.

Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI), Sedentary Behavior and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Clustering - the HUNT Study.

Prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) positively associates with clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The recently developed metric for physical activity (PA) tracking called Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI) takes into account age, sex, resting and maximum heart rate, and a score of ≥100 weekly PAI has been shown to reduce the risk of premature CVD death in healthy as well as individuals with known CVD risk factors, regardless of whether or not the current PA recommendations were met. The aim of the present study was to examine if PAI modifies the associations between SB and CVD risk factor (CV-RF) clustering in a large apparently healthy general population cohort (n=29,950, aged ≥20 years).

Are Older Adults Physically Active Enough - A Matter of Assessment Method? The Generation 100 Study.

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for general health. As a result, adults around the world are recommended to undertake regular PA of either absolute or relative intensity. Traditionally, adherence to PA recommendation is assessed by accelerometers that record absolute intensity thresholds.

Sedentary Time, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Clustering in Older Adults--the Generation 100 Study.

Objective: To determine whether meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations and/or having high age-specific cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) attenuate the adverse effect of prolonged sedentary time on cardiovascular risk factor (CV-RF) clustering in older adults.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of Norwegian women (495) and men (379) aged 70 to 77 years from August 22, 2012, through June 30, 2013. Sedentary time and PA were assessed by accelerometers and CRF by directly measured peak oxygen uptake (VO).

Correlates of Objectively Measured Physical Activity Among Norwegian Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study.

The aim of this study was to identify how demographics, physical activity (PA) history, and environmental and biological correlates are associated with objectively measured PA among older adults. PA was assessed objectively in 850 older adults (70-77 years, 48% females) using the ActiGraph GT3X+ activity monitor. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to identify important PA correlates.

New relative intensity ambulatory accelerometer thresholds for elderly men and women: the Generation 100 study.

Background: Public health initiatives world-wide recommend increasing physical activity (PA) to improve health. However, the dose and the intensity of PA producing the most benefit are still debated. Accurate assessment of PA is necessary in order to 1) investigate the dose-response relationship between PA and health, 2) shape the most beneficial public health initiatives and 3) test the effectiveness of such initiatives.

Effect of Change in VO2max on Daily Total Energy Expenditure in a Cohort of Norwegian Men: A Randomized Pilot Study.

Objective: To investigate how a change in VO2max induced through 6 weeks of high intensity aerobic interval training affects daily total energy expenditure (TEE), active energy expenditure (AEE) and mitochondrial function in people not previously exposed to structured high intensity aerobic interval training (AIT).

Methods: Thirty healthy males (39±6 yrs) not exposed to structured exercise training were randomized to either 1x4 min AIT (1-AIT), 4x4 min AIT (4-AIT), both at 90-95% maximum heart rate (HRmax) or 47 min of MCT at 70% HRmax. TEE, AEE, number of steps, active time, sedentary time, VO2max and mitochondrial function in m.