Distinct and shared white matter abnormalities when ADHD is comorbid with ASD: A preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neurodevelopmental disorder, is the most frequent comorbid condition seen in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This high comorbidity between ADHD and ASD worsens symptom manifestations and complicates disease treatment and prognosis. It remains unclear whether individuals suffering with both ADHD and ASD, compared to individuals with ADHD only, share overlapping neural correlates associated with ADHD neuropathology, or exhibit a distinct neuropathological profile.

Decreased risk for substance use disorders in individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk for developing a substance use disorder (SUD, alcohol or drug abuse or dependence) in individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Subjects with high-functioning ASD were derived from consecutive referrals to a specialized ambulatory program for ASD at a major academic center from 2007 to 2016. Age-matched controls and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comparison subjects were derived from three independent studies of children and adults with and without ADHD using identical assessment methodology.

Predictive utility of autistic traits in youth with ADHD: a controlled 10-year longitudinal follow-up study.

The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and predictive utility of autistic traits (ATs) in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were referred youth with and without ADHD, without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, and their siblings, derived from identically designed longitudinal case-control family studies of boys and girls with ADHD. Subjects were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and measures of social, cognitive, and educational functioning.

Which girls, which boys? The intersectional risk for depression by race and ethnicity, and gender in the U.S.

We sought to conduct the first systematic review of studies applying an intersectional lens to assessing risk and protective factors for depression in minority adolescents in the United States. Twenty-five studies were identified which investigated the role of racial and ethnic identity and gender for minority groups and how marginalization may be associated with differential outcomes in depression symptomology. The results showed substantial variability in whether studies intentionally operationalized intersectionality through theoretical frameworks, study design, sampling, and analyses.