Establishing Healthy Lifestyle Choices Early: How to Counsel Children and Their Parents.

Promoting childhood and adolescent health and long-term well-being requires an emphasis on preventative care and anticipatory guidance. In this review, the authors will focus on pertinent ear, nose, and throat preventative health in children, providing clinicians with relevant and succinct information to counsel children and their parents on the following essential subjects: foreign body aspiration and ingestion, upper respiratory infection prevention, noise exposure risks, aural hygiene, risks of primary and secondhand smoke exposure, and sleep hygiene.

Barriers to Receiving Necessary Hearing Care Among US Children.

Objective: We aim to clarify the national scope of unmet pediatric hearing care needs and identify specific barriers to hearing care.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study of a nationally representative data set.

Setting: This study is based on the combined 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children's Health.

Preoperative Predictors and Costs of 30-Day Readmission Following Inpatient Pediatric Tonsillectomy in the United States.

Objectives: To understand national trends in 30-day postoperative readmission following inpatient pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Nationwide Readmissions Database.

Portable, non-powered, suction-generating device for management of life-threatening aerodigestive tract foreign bodies: Novel prototype and literature review.

Objective: To present a novel approach for the emergent, pre-hospital management of life-threatening aerodigestive tract foreign body aspiration using a portable, non-powered, suction-generating device (PNSD), in the context of a literature review of emergent pre-hospital management of patients with foreign body airway obstruction.

Methods: The PubMed and MEDLINE databases were comprehensively screened using broad search terms. A literature review of pre-hospital management and resuscitative techniques of foreign body airway obstruction was performed.

Do demographic disparities exist in the diagnosis and surgical management of otitis media?

Objective: Determine if demographic disparities exist between the diagnosis of otitis media (OM) and the provision of myringotomy and tubes in children.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a national database.

Methods: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2010 and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey-Ambulatory Surgery 2010 were abstracted for cases with a diagnosis of OM and myringotomy and tube (MT) procedures in children, respectively.

Revisits after pediatric tracheotomy: Airway concerns result in returns.

Objectives: Children undergoing tracheotomy represent a medically vulnerable patient population, and understanding the reasons for revisiting the hospital setting following tracheotomy is critical for improving the quality of care for these patients. This study aims to investigate the incidence and characteristics of revisits following pediatric tracheotomy.

Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study using state databases.

Epidemiological characteristics of pediatric epistaxis presenting to the emergency department.

Objective: Investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric epistaxis in the emergency department setting.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study using national databases.

Methods: Children (age <18 years) presenting with a diagnosis of epistaxis were extracted from the State Emergency Department Databases for New York, Florida, Iowa, and California for the calendar year 2010.

Pediatric otolaryngologic conditions: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in the United States.

Objectives/hypothesis: Determine the national incidence and disparities for common pediatric otolaryngologic conditions.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative database.

Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (2012) was analyzed, extracting children with frequent ear infections (FEI), nonstreptococcal sore throat (NSST), streptococcal pharyngitis (SP), hay fever, and sinusitis.

Patterns of Hospital Use and Regionalization of Inpatient Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy.

Importance: Pediatric adenotonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed procedures in the United States. Whereas several studies have focused on tonsillectomy techniques and outcomes, little is known about the overall changes in the distribution of care. Variations in care patterns between academic and nonacademic settings may have important financial and educational effects.

Healthcare costs of acute and chronic tonsillar conditions in the pediatric population in the United States.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and healthcare costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic tonsillar conditions (ACT) in children.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2006, 2008, and 2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys.

Methods: Pediatric patients (age < 18 years) were examined from the above mentioned database.

The national cost burden of bronchial foreign body aspiration in children.

Objectives/hypothesis: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) continues to be a concerning pediatric problem, accounting for thousands of emergency room visits and more than 100 deaths each year in the United States. The costs incurred with hospitalizations and procedures following these events are the focus of this study.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Associations between socioeconomic status and race with complications after tonsillectomy in children.

Objective: To determine if disparities exist for revisits and complications after pediatric tonsillectomy.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of multistate databases.

Setting: Ambulatory surgery.

Revisit rates and diagnoses following pediatric tonsillectomy in a large multistate population.

Objectives/hypothesis: Investigate the incidence and characteristics of revisits following ambulatory pediatric tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study using national databases.

Methods: Ambulatory pediatric (age <18.

Coblation total tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy versus coblation partial intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the postoperative course of children who underwent coblation T&A versus those who underwent coblation partial intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (PITA).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Records of children undergoing consecutive tonsillectomies from July 2009 to October 2012 were analyzed.

Food choking hazards in children.

Objectives: To review the literature on pediatric food choking risks, with the long-term goal of supporting legislation regulating the production, labeling, and distribution of high-risk foods.

Methods: A PubMed search (Keywords: choking, obstruction, asphyxiation, foreign body, food) was conducted in July-September 2010 with publication dates ranging from 1966 to 2010.

Study Selection: Articles related to pediatric foreign body aspiration (FBA) were selected by three independent reviewers.

Epstein-Barr DNA serology and positron-emission tomography imaging of the head and neck in pediatric transplant recipients.

Objectives/hypothesis: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a potential precursor of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in the pediatric transplant patient. Positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging is increasingly utilized in this population to monitor for neoplasia and PTLD. We assess the association between EBV serum titers and Waldeyer's ring and cervical lymph node PET positivity in the pediatric transplant recipient.

Uncommon presentation of a benign nasopharyngeal mass in an adolescent: comprehensive review of pediatric nasopharyngeal masses.

Nasopharyngeal masses in the pediatric population are quite rare, and the majority of these are benign. In adolescent boys, there should be a high index of suspicion for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. When malignant, the most common lesions encountered are rhabdomyosarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas.

Obesity and the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and acute otitis media in school-age children.

Objectives/hypothesis: To determine if obesity is a significant risk factor for acute otitis media (AOM), allergic rhinitis (AR), or chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in children and to understand the potential otolaryngological implications of childhood obesity.

Study Design: Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Methods: The 2006 and 2008 the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was utilized to identify school-aged children with AOM, AR, and/or CRS.

Incremental health care utilization and costs for acute otitis media in children.

Objectives/hypothesis: Determine the incremental health care costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) in children.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a national health-care cost database.

Methods: Pediatric patients (age < 18 years) were examined from the 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Variations in pre-operative management of adolescents undergoing elective surgery.

Objective: To understand whether preoperative care of adolescent patients differs according to two different pediatric subspecialties with respect to patient pregnancy status, drug use, and patient assent. To understand how preoperative care of adolescent patients varies with length of practice and practice setting.

Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed 51 American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) members and 108 American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) members.

Laryngomalacia presenting as recurrent croup in an infant.

Laryngomalacia is a common disease of infancy which can present with atypical symptoms and at an atypical age, causing the diagnosis to often be overlooked. We report a case of a male patient who was diagnosed with laryngomalacia at the age of three months. The patient's inspiratory stridor resolved within a year, but he went on to develop atypical croup.

Acute tonsillitis.

Acute tonsillitis is an inflammatory process of the tonsillar tissues and is usually infectious in nature. Acute infections of the palatine tonsils predominantly occur in school-aged children, but patients of any age may be affected. Tonsillitis of viral origin is usually treated with supportive care.

Measurable progress in female authorship in otolaryngology.

Objective: To identify contemporary trends in female authorship in the otolaryngology literature.

Study Design: Analysis of 4 otolaryngology journals.

Setting: All articles published in Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Laryngoscope, and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery in 2008 were reviewed and compared with prior data from 1978, 1988, and 1998.