Finnish Palliative Care Nurses' and Physicians' Perceptions of Spirituality and Spiritual Care Related to Their Attitudes toward End-of-Life Care.

Background: Spiritual care constitutes an indispensable aspect of palliative care (PC). Health care professionals encounter challenges when addressing spiritual care at the end of life. Developing appropriate attitudes toward end-of-life care can facilitate the acquisition of competencies needed for effective delivery of spiritual care.

Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Finnish version of the Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale.

Background: Health care providers' beliefs influence the outcomes of low back pain patients care.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale into Finnish (HC-PAIRS-FI) and to evaluate its psychometric properties and factor structure in a sample of Finnish physiotherapists and physiotherapy students.

Methods: The translation was performed using established guidelines.

Association of the World War II Finnish Evacuation of Children With Psychiatric Hospitalization in the Next Generation.

Importance: Although there is evidence that adverse childhood experiences are associated with worse mental health in adulthood, scarce evidence is available regarding an emerging concern that the next generation might also be affected.

Objective: To compare the risk of psychiatric hospitalization in cousins whose parents were vs were not exposed to the Finnish evacuation policy that involved a mean 2-year stay with a Swedish foster family.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multigenerational, population-based cohort study of Finnish individuals and their siblings born between January 1, 1933, and December 31, 1944, analyzed the association of evacuee status as a child during World War II in the first generation with the risk of psychiatric hospitalization among offspring in the second generation.

Long term mental health outcomes of Finnish children evacuated to Swedish families during the second world war and their non-evacuated siblings: cohort study.

Objectives: To compare the risks of admission to hospital for any type of psychiatric disorder and for four specific psychiatric disorders among adults who as children were evacuated to Swedish foster families during the second world war and their non-evacuated siblings, and to evaluate whether these risks differ between the sexes.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: National child evacuation scheme in Finland during the second world war.

Child protection and adult depression: evaluating the long-term consequences of evacuating children to foster care during World War II.

This paper combined data collected from war time government records with survey data including background characteristics, such as factors that affected eligibility, to examine the adult depression outcomes of individuals who were evacuated from Finland to temporary foster care in Sweden during World War II. Using war time government records and survey data for a random sample of 723 exposed individuals and 1321 matched unexposed individuals, the authors conducted least squares adjusted means comparison to examine the association between evacuation and adult depression (Beck Depression Inventory). The random sample was representative for the whole population of evacuees who returned to their biological families after World War II.

Measuring virtues--development of a scale to measure employee virtues and their influence on health.

Aim And Method: The objectives of this article are to present a measurement instrument for virtues, and to examine the link between virtues and health. The instrument was tested by the occupational health care at a large Finnish pulp and paper manufacturer and was shown to be consistent, valid and reliable. In developing the scale, we had two samples of employees and used factor analysis and partial least squares modelling (PLS) on both samples.

Developing an instrument to evaluate suffering related to care.

The ultimate purpose of caring is to alleviate suffering. Interest in the question of suffering has increased in a marked way in the fields of nursing and caring science during the last decade. The aim of the pilot-study was to test the validity and reliability of a newly construed instrument to assess suffering related to care in a sample of 130 nurses.

The association between job strain and emotional exhaustion in a cohort of 1,028 Finnish teachers.

Background: Teachers' work overload has been the subject of intense research, and the results of these studies show that a substantial proportion of teachers perceive their job as very stressful.

Aims: To investigate how different formulations of high demands and low decision latitude was related to teachers' burnout, and to estimate the possible interaction between these factors.

Sample: The sample consisted of 1,028 school teachers.