Humoral response 24 months after the first COVID-19 vaccination in people with HIV with and without diabetes.

People with HIV (PWH) and people with diabetes mellitus have increased risk of severe COVID-19, but little is known about humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in PWH with DM. We investigated SARS-CoV-2 antireceptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) geometrical concentrations and neutralizing antibody capacity (nAB) in PWH with and without diabetes mellitus. Anti-RBD IgG and nAB in COVID-19-vaccinated PWH were not associated with diabetes mellitus-status or HbA1c 24 months after the initial COVID-19 vaccination.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 following Second Dose Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine BNT162b2 in Danish Adolescents Aged 12-18 Years: A Real-World Nationwide Danish Cohort Study.

In this real-world cohort study based on Danish nationwide registers, the cumulated proportion, relative risk (RR) of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, and vaccine effectiveness (VE) were investigated in adolescents aged 12-18 years following vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine compared to unvaccinated controls. Adolescents with and without vaccination with the first dose of BNT162b2 between 1 May and 30 September 2021 were included. Effect estimates include proportions with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test among vaccinated and unvaccinated, RR, and VE at three different time points.

Symptom-Specific Hospital Contacts in 12-18-Year-Olds Vaccinated against COVID-19: A Danish Register-Based Cohort Study.

In this register-based real-life cohort study, changes in symptom-specific hospital contacts among 12-18-year-olds following two doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine compared to unvaccinated peers were investigated. Using national register data, vaccinated and unvaccinated adolescents were sex and age-matched each week during the inclusion period from May to September 2021. Symptom-specific hospital contacts covering ICD-10 R diagnoses were assessed before first the vaccine dose and after the second vaccine dose.

Determinants of Bacille Calmette-Guérin scarification in Danish children.

Background: Studies in low-income countries have shown that among Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinated children, those who develop a BCG-scar have significantly better survival than those who do not develop a scar. In a Danish multicenter randomized clinical trial we assessed determinants for developing a BCG-scar and for BCG scar size following neonatal BCG vaccination.

Methods: At three Danish hospitals, newborns were randomized 1:1 to BCG vaccination or no BCG vaccination.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination at birth and differential white blood cell count in infancy. A randomised clinical trial.

Background: The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) may have beneficial non-specific effects (NSEs) beyond the protection against TB. This may be related to modifications of the innate immune system. We investigated the effect of BCG at birth on differential white blood cell (WBC) count in healthy, Danish infants.

BCG Vaccination at Birth and Rate of Hospitalization for Infection Until 15 Months of Age in Danish Children: A Randomized Clinical Multicenter Trial.

Background: The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis might reduce the non-tuberculosis-related child mortality rate in low-income settings. We tested the hypothesis that BCG vaccination at birth would reduce early childhood hospitalization for infection in Denmark, a high-income setting. Hospitalization for infection was a secondary outcome in a randomized trial with the primary aim to estimate the potential non-specific effects of BCG vaccination at birth on all-cause hospitalization.

Mothers' informational needs when deciding to have their newborn infant vaccinated with BCG. A Mixed-methods design.

Objective: To explore the informational needs of mothers with different levels of education in order to improve counselling about vaccination.

Methods: In the setting of a large vaccination trial, mothers' assessments and yield of written information in combination with telephone consultations were evaluated in a survey. Furthermore, searching strategies for additional information were investigated.

Effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth on T and B lymphocyte subsets: Results from a clinical randomized trial.

The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) has been associated with beneficial non-specific effects (NSEs) on infant health. Within a randomized trial on the effect of neonatal BCG on overall health, we investigated the possible immunological impact of neonatal BCG vaccination on lymphocyte subsets, determined by flow cytometry. In 118 infants blood samples were obtained 4 (±2) days post randomization to BCG vaccination or no intervention, and at 3 and 13 months of age.

The association between Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination (1331 SSI) skin reaction and subsequent scar development in infants.

Background: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) against tuberculosis is administered intradermally, and vaccination is often followed by a scar at the injection site. Among BCG-vaccinated individuals, having a scar has been associated with lower mortality. We aimed to examine the impact of vaccination technique for scarring in a high income setting, by assessing the associations between the post injection reaction, the wheal size, and the probability of developing a scar, and scar size.

Neonatal BCG has no effect on allergic sensitization and suspected food allergy until 13 months.

Background: Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is used in many countries as protection against tuberculosis. Studies have suggested that BCG may also have non-specific effects, reducing non-tuberculosis mortality, morbidity, and atopic manifestations. In this study, we evaluated the effect of neonatal BCG vaccination on allergic sensitization and suspected food allergy at 13 months of age.

Neonatal BCG vaccination has no effect on recurrent wheeze in the first year of life: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Recurrent wheeze (RW) is frequent in childhood. Studies have suggested that BCG vaccination can have nonspecific effects, reducing general nontuberculosis morbidity, including respiratory tract infections and atopic diseases. The mechanisms behind these nonspecific effects of BCG are not fully understood, but a shift from a T2 to a T1 response has been suggested as a possible explanation.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth and antibody responses to childhood vaccines. A randomised clinical trial.

Introduction: BCG vaccination has been associated with beneficial non-specific effects on child health. Some immunological studies have reported heterologous effects of vaccines on antibody responses to heterologous vaccines. Within a randomised clinical trial of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth, The Danish Calmette Study, we investigated the effect of BCG at birth on the antibody response to the three routine vaccines against DiTeKiPol/Act-Hib and Prevenar 13 in a subgroup of participants.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination, thymic size, and thymic output in healthy newborns.

Background: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) has been associated with beneficial nonspecific effects on infant health. We aimed to examine the effect of BCG at birth on thymic size and the associations between thymic output, circulating lymphocytes, risk of infection, and thymic size.

Methods: In infants randomized to BCG or no BCG, thymic index (TI), and thymic/weight index (TWI) were measured by ultrasound at birth and at the age of 3 mo.

BCG vaccination at birth and early childhood hospitalisation: a randomised clinical multicentre trial.

Background: The BCG vaccine is administered to protect against tuberculosis, but studies suggest there may also be non-specific beneficial effects upon the infant immune system, reducing early non-targeted infections and atopic diseases. The present randomised trial tested the hypothesis that BCG vaccination at birth would reduce early childhood hospitalisation in Denmark, a high-income setting.

Methods: Pregnant women planning to give birth at three Danish hospitals were invited to participate.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination at birth: Effects on infant growth. A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) induces a complex, pro-inflammatory immune response. Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation.

Aims: The purpose of the study was to test whether BCG at birth has effects on infant growth and body composition.

Lack of a Negative Effect of BCG-Vaccination on Child Psychomotor Development: Results from the Danish Calmette Study - A Randomised Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To assess the non-specific effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth on psychomotor development.

Design: This is a pre-specified secondary outcome from a randomised, clinical trial.

Setting: Maternity units and paediatric wards at three university hospitals in Denmark.

Adverse reactions to the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in new-born infants-an evaluation of the Danish strain 1331 SSI in a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate adverse reactions of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Statens Serum Institut (SSI) (Danish strain 1331) used as intervention in a randomized clinical trial.

Design: A randomized clinical multicenter trial, The Danish Calmette Study, randomizing newborns to BCG or no intervention. Follow-up until 13 months of age.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunisation at birth and morbidity among Danish children: A prospective, randomised, clinical trial.

Background: Studies from low-income countries report positive non-specific effects of early Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation on childhood health and survival. Neonatal immunisation with BCG may prime the immune system and offer partial protection against other infectious and possibly allergic diseases. The potential clinical value of these non-specific effects has not yet been examined in a large randomised trial in high-income countries.

A randomized controlled trial on a multicomponent intervention for overweight school-aged children - Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Obesity amongst children is a growing problem worldwide. In contrast to adults, little is known on the effects of controlled weight loss on components of the metabolic syndrome in children. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a 20-week exercise and diet guidance intervention on body mass index (BMI) in a group of overweight children.

[The bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine may reduce the general child morbidity].

For almost 100 years the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been the primary prophylaxis of tuberculosis (TB). Recent studies suggest that reintroduction of the vaccine might be beneficial from a general child health perspective. Studies from West-Africa report that BCG vaccination at birth reduces child mortality and morbidity.