The Effect of Individual Attitude toward Healthy Nutrition on Adherence to a High-UFA and High-Protein Diet: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Unlabelled: Despite beneficial cardiovascular effects, substantial long-term modulation of food pattern could only be achieved in a limited number of participants. The impact of attitude towards healthy nutrition (ATHN) on successful modulation of dietary behavior is unclear, especially in the elderly. We aimed to analyze whether the personal ATHN influences 12-month adherence to two different dietary intervention regimes within a 36-month randomized controlled trial.

Improvement in Visceral Adipose Tissue and LDL Cholesterol by High PUFA Intake: 1-Year Results of the NutriAct Trial.

We assessed the effect of a dietary pattern rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), protein and fibers, without emphasizing energy restriction, on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiometabolic risk profile. Within the 36-months randomized controlled NutriAct trial, we randomly assigned 502 participants (50-80 years) to an intervention or control group (IG, CG). The dietary pattern of the IG includes high intake of mono-/polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA 15-20% E/10-15% E), predominantly plant protein (15-25% E) and fiber (≥30 g/day).

Implication of sugar, protein and incretins in excessive glucagon secretion in type 2 diabetes after mixed meals.

Aims: Amino acids powerfully release glucagon but their contribution to postprandial hyperglucagonemia in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Exogenously applied GIP stimulates, while GLP-1 inhibits, glucagon secretion in humans. However, their role in mixed meals is unclear, which we therefore characterized.

Predicting Factors for Metabolic Non-Response to a Complex Lifestyle Intervention-A Replication Analysis to a Randomized-Controlled Trial.

Background: T2DM heterogeneity affects responsiveness to lifestyle treatment. Beta-cell failure and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) independently predict T2DM, but NAFLD inconsistently predicts metabolic response to lifestyle intervention.

Aim: We attempt to replicate a prediction model deducted from the Tübinger Lifestyle Intervention Program by assessing similar metabolic factors to predict conversion to normal glucose regulation (NGR) in a comparable lifestyle intervention trial.

Low IGF1 and high IGFBP1 predict diabetes onset in prediabetic patients.

Objectives: Some individuals develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) despite significant metabolic improvements through lifestyle intervention. We tested the hypotheses that insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) and its binding proteins 1 and 2 predict the onset of T2DM in prediabetes patients and determine the capacity for metabolic regeneration.

Design: We measured fasting serum IGF1, insulin growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) and IGFBP2 in three randomized controlled lifestyle intervention trials, covering at least 1 year of intervention period and 1 year of additional follow-up.

Effects of Insoluble Cereal Fibre on Body Fat Distribution in the Optimal Fibre Trial.

Scope: The Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT) investigates metabolic effects of insoluble cereal fibre in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), showing moderate glycemic and anti-inflammatory benefits, especially in subjects with an obesity-related phenotype. An OptiFiT sub-group is analysed for effects on body fat distribution.

Methods And Results: 180 participants with IGT receive a blinded, randomized supplementation with insoluble cereal fibre or placebo for 2 years.

Obesity Does Not Modulate the Glycometabolic Benefit of Insoluble Cereal Fibre in Subjects with Prediabetes-A Stratified Post Hoc Analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT).

Unlabelled: Obesity does not modulate the glycometabolic benefit of insoluble cereal fibre in subjects with prediabetes-a stratified post hoc analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT).

Background: OptiFiT demonstrated the beneficial effect of insoluble oat fibres on dysglycemia in prediabetes. Recent analyses of OptiFiT and other randomised controlled trials (RCTs) indicated that this effect might be specific for the subgroup of patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).

Fasting Glucose State Determines Metabolic Response to Supplementation with Insoluble Cereal Fibre: A Secondary Analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT).

Background: High intake of cereal fibre is associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes and long-term complications. Within the first long-term randomized controlled trial specifically targeting cereal fibre, the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT), intake of insoluble oat fibre was shown to significantly reduce glycaemia. Previous studies suggested that this effect might be limited to subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).