Exogenous Glucagon-like Peptide 2 Counteracts Exogenous Cholecystokinin-induced Gallbladder Contraction in Healthy Men.

Background And Objective: Studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) promotes gallbladder relaxation and refilling. Here, we assessed the effect of exogenous GLP-2 on gallbladder motility in the fasted state of healthy men with and without infusion of the potent gallbladder-contracting hormone cholecystokinin (CCK).

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 15 male participants (mean [SD]: age 24.

Acarbose diminishes postprandial suppression of bone resorption in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is an antidiabetic drug delaying assimilation of carbohydrates and, thus, increasing the amount of carbohydrates in the distal parts of the intestines, which in turn increases circulating levels of the gut-derived incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). As GLP-1 may suppress bone resorption, acarbose has been proposed to potentiate meal-induced suppression of bone resorption. We investigated the effect of acarbose treatment on postprandial bone resorption in patients with type 2 diabetes and used the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39)NH to disclose contributory effect of acarbose-induced GLP-1 secretion.

Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Inhibits Postprandial Gallbladder Emptying in Man: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Crossover Study.

Introduction: A recent study in mice points to the gut-derived hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) as an important regulator of gallbladder motility inducing gallbladder relaxation and refilling. In this study, we evaluated the effect of exogenous GLP-2 on postprandial gallbladder motility in healthy men.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we evaluated the effect of 4-hour intravenous infusions of high-dose GLP-2 (10 pmol × kg × min), low-dose GLP-2 (1 pmol × kg × min), and placebo (saline) on postprandial gallbladder motility.

The role of GLP-1 in the postprandial effects of acarbose in type 2 diabetes.

Aims: The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is believed to reduce plasma glucose by delaying hydrolysis of carbohydrates. Acarbose-induced transfer of carbohydrates to the distal parts of the intestine increases circulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Using the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39)NH2, we investigated the effect of acarbose-induced GLP-1 secretion on postprandial glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.

GIP and GLP-1 Potentiate Sulfonylurea-Induced Insulin Secretion in Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α Mutation Carriers.

Sulfonylureas (SUs) provide an efficacious first-line treatment in patients with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1A) diabetes, but SUs have limitations due to risk of hypoglycemia. Treatment based on the incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is characterized by their glucose-dependent insulinotropic actions without risk of hypoglycemia. The effect of SUs together with GIP or GLP-1, respectively, on insulin and glucagon secretion in patients with HNF1A diabetes is currently unknown.

FGF21, a liver hormone that inhibits alcohol intake in mice, increases in human circulation after acute alcohol ingestion and sustained binge drinking at Oktoberfest.

Objective: Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. However, knowledge of the biological factors that influence ad libitum alcohol intake may be incomplete. Two large studies recently linked variants in the KLB locus with levels of alcohol intake in humans.