Brain amyloid load, subjective memory complaints, and cognitive trajectories in older individuals at risk for dementia.

Background And Purpose: This study evaluated associations of brain amyloid with 2-year objective and subjective cognitive measures in a trial-ready older general population at risk for dementia.

Methods: Forty-eight participants in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability underwent C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) scans and assessment of cognition (modified Neuropsychological Test Battery [NTB]) and subjective memory complaints (Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire).

Results: Mean age was 71.

Alzheimer's disease genetic risk score and neuroimaging in the FINGER lifestyle trial.

Introduction: We assessed a genetic risk score for Alzheimer's disease (AD-GRS) and apolipoprotein E (APOE4) in an exploratory neuroimaging substudy of the FINGER trial.

Methods: 1260 at-risk older individuals without dementia were randomized to multidomain lifestyle intervention or health advice. N = 126 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and N = 47 positron emission tomography (PET) scans (Pittsburgh Compund B [PiB], Fluorodeoxyglucose) at baseline; N = 107 and N = 38 had repeated 2-year scans.

The Role of Brain Integrity in the Association between Occupational Complexity and Cognitive Performance in Subjects with Increased Risk of Dementia.

Introduction: Mechanisms underlying the positive association between occupational mental demands and late-life cognition are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess whether the association between occupational complexity and cognition is related to and moderated by brain integrity in individuals at risk for dementia. Brain integrity was appraised throughout structural measures (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) and amyloid accumulation (Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-positron emission tomography, PiB-PET).

Change in CAIDE Dementia Risk Score and Neuroimaging Biomarkers During a 2-Year Multidomain Lifestyle Randomized Controlled Trial: Results of a Post-Hoc Subgroup Analysis.

The CAIDE (Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia) Risk Score is a validated tool estimating dementia risk. It was previously associated with imaging biomarkers. However, associations between dementia risk scores (including CAIDE) and dementia-related biomarkers have not been studied in the context of an intervention.

27-Hydroxycholesterol, cognition, and brain imaging markers in the FINGER randomized controlled trial.

Background: 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-OH), the main circulating oxysterol in humans and the potential missing link between peripheral hypercholesterolemia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), has not been investigated previously in relation to cognition and neuroimaging markers in the context of preventive interventions.

Methods: The 2-year Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) included older individuals (60-77 years) at increased risk for dementia but without dementia or substantial cognitive impairment from the general population. Participants were randomized to a multidomain intervention (diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk management) or control group (general health advice) in a 1:1 ratio.

White Matter Changes on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in the FINGER Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Early pathological changes in white matter microstructure can be studied using the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). It is not only important to study these subtle pathological changes leading to cognitive decline, but also to ascertain how an intervention would impact the white matter microstructure and cognition in persons at-risk of dementia.

Objectives: To study the impact of a multidomain lifestyle intervention on white matter and cognitive changes during the 2-year Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), a randomized controlled trial in at-risk older individuals (age 60-77 years) from the general population.

Detecting Amyloid Positivity in Elderly With Increased Risk of Cognitive Decline.

The importance of early interventions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) emphasizes the need to accurately and efficiently identify at-risk individuals. Although many dementia prediction models have been developed, there are fewer studies focusing on detection of brain pathology. We developed a model for identification of amyloid-PET positivity using data on demographics, vascular factors, cognition, genotype, and structural MRI, including regional brain volumes, cortical thickness and a visual medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) rating.

Association of Peripheral Insulin Resistance and Other Markers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Brain Amyloid Deposition in Healthy Individuals at Risk of Dementia.

We explored the association of type 2 diabetes related blood markers with brain amyloid accumulation on PiB-PET scans in 41 participants from the FINGER PET sub-study. We built logistic regression models for brain amyloid status with12 plasma markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, controlled for diabetes and APOEɛ4 carrier status. Lower levels of insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), C-peptide, and plasminogen activator (PAI-1) were associated with amyloid positive status, although the results were not significant after adjusting for multiple testing.

Bupropion Causes Misdiagnosis in Brain Dopamine Transporter Imaging for Parkinsonism.

Objective: The objective of this study was to report long-lasting effects of bupropion on brain dopamine transporter (DAT) in a patient with depression and parkinsonism.

Methods: The patient was a 52-year old man who had been treated with 150 mg/d of bupropion for depression. The patient developed cognitive problems, bradykinesia, and reduced stride length for which he was scanned with [I]FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography after the recommended 1-week discontinuation of bupropion.

Brain volumes and cortical thickness on MRI in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER).

Background: The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) was a multicenter randomized controlled trial that reported beneficial effects on cognition for a 2-year multimodal intervention (diet, exercise, cognitive training, vascular risk monitoring) versus control (general health advice). This study reports exploratory analyses of brain MRI measures.

Methods: FINGER targeted 1260 older individuals from the general Finnish population.

Brain amyloid load and its associations with cognition and vascular risk factors in FINGER Study.

Objective: To investigate brain amyloid pathology in a dementia-risk population defined as cardiovascular risk factors, aging, and dementia risk (CAIDE) score of at least 6 but with normal cognition and to examine associations between brain amyloid load and cognitive performance and vascular risk factors.

Methods: A subgroup of 48 individuals from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) main study participated in brain C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET imaging, brain MRI, and neuropsychological assessment at the beginning of the study. Lifestyle/vascular risk factors were determined as body mass index, blood pressure, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose homeostasis model assessment.

Associations of CAIDE Dementia Risk Score with MRI, PIB-PET measures, and cognition.

Background: CAIDE Dementia Risk Score is the first validated tool for estimating dementia risk based on a midlife risk profile.

Objectives: This observational study investigated longitudinal associations of CAIDE Dementia Risk Score with brain MRI, amyloid burden evaluated with PIB-PET, and detailed cognition measures.

Methods: FINGER participants were at-risk elderly without dementia.

Long-Term Interrelationship between Brain Metabolism and Amyloid Deposition in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

The aim of this longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) study was to evaluate the interrelationship between brain metabolism and amyloid accumulation during the disease process from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nine MCI patients, who converted to AD between two and five years, and nine healthy subjects underwent [11C]PIB and [18F]FDG PET scans at baseline and at 5 years. [11C]PIB uptake was clearly higher in MCI patients at baseline compared to controls and spread extensively to the cerebral cortex during the conversion to AD.

Reproducibility of automated simplified voxel-based analysis of PET amyloid ligand [11C]PIB uptake using 30-min scanning data.

Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-labelled Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PIB) enables the quantitation of beta-amyloid accumulation in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Voxel-based image analysis techniques conducted in a standard brain space provide an objective, rapid and fully automated method to analyze [11C]PIB PET data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both region- and voxel-level reproducibility of automated and simplified [11C]PIB quantitation when using only 30 min of imaging data.

Posterior cortical atrophy: a rare form of dementia with in vivo evidence of amyloid-beta accumulation.

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare form of degenerative dementia, which is characterized by progressive atrophy of occipital and parietal cortical areas. It usually manifests as increasing difficulties of visuoperceptive abilities. Later on, memory and other cognitive functions are involved.

Regional analysis of FDG and PIB-PET images in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The objective of the study is to compare the diagnostic value of regional sampling of the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose metabolism (MRglc) using [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and amyloid-beta pathology using Pittsburgh Compound-B ([11C]PIB)-PET in the evaluation of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to normal elderly (NL).

Materials And Methods: AD patients, 7 NL, 13 MCI, and 17, received clinical, neuropsychological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), FDG, and PIB-PET exams. Parametric images of PIB uptake and MRglc were sampled using automated regions-of-interest (ROI).

Carbon 11-labeled pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomographic amyloid imaging in patients with APP locus duplication.

Objective: To investigate amyloid accumulation by carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B (11C-PiB) in hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy and APP locus duplication.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Positron emission tomography with 11C-PiB and magnetic resonance imaging were performed for 2 patients, 49-year-old and 60-year-old siblings with APP locus duplication, with hereditary Alzheimer disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Main Outcome Measure: Change in 11C-PiB uptake.

Cognitive reserve hypothesis: Pittsburgh Compound B and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in relation to education in mild Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in high-educated individuals has been proposed to reflect brain cognitive reserve, which would provide more efficient compensatory mechanisms against the underlying pathology, and thus delayed clinical expression. Our aim was to find possible differences in brain amyloid ligand 11C-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B ([11C]PIB) uptake and glucose metabolism in high- and low-educated patients with mild AD.

Methods: Twelve high-educated and 13 low-educated patients with the same degree of cognitive deterioration were studied with PET using [11C]PIB and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose as ligands.

Brain white matter expansion in human obesity and the recovering effect of dieting.

Context And Objective: Obesity is associated with several metabolic abnormalities. Recent studies suggest that obesity also affects brain function and is a risk factor for some degenerative brain diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of weight gain and weight loss on brain gray and white matter structure.

Age-related loss of extrastriatal dopamine D(2) -like receptors in women.

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies have indicated that the in vivo availability of dopamine D(2) -like receptors declines with age in the human brain. Most of the studies have been carried out with healthy male subjects, or with subject groups containing both sexes. The authors have recently demonstrated that the availability of D(2) -like receptors in the frontal cortex is higher in women than in men.