Publications by authors named "Nina Engerer"
Background: Surgical, minimally-invasive, and non-invasive aesthetic procedures try to ameliorate the signs of facial aging, but also focus on enhancing various individual features of beauty in each patient. Herein, the midface plays a central role due to its location but also its importance for the aesthetic perception and facial expression.
Objective: To date, no study has investigated the interplay between facial muscles and its connecting subdermal architecture during facial aging to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the middle face.
Background: Recent research has indicated that in the upper face a delicate arrangement exists between the muscles of facial expression and the skin. This arrangement allows for immediate transmission of movements following muscle contraction, resulting in skin movements and skin rhytid formation.
Objectives: To investigate age-related changes of the biomechanical unit formed by facial muscles, their connective tissue envelope, and the skin of the upper face.
Background: Many signs of aging manifest in the neck region, including platysmal bands, excess skin, horizontal neck lines and decreasing contour of the neck. While the clinical signs of an aged neck are well-known, data determining the underlying aging process are limited.
Objective: To decode aging of the neck.