Sixteen Weeks of Aerobic Exercise does not Alter Resting-state Connectivity of the Precuneus in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Introduction: In healthy elderly persons and patients with mild cognitive impairment, physical exercise can increase functional brain connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) measured by restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). However, no studies have so far investigated the effect of physical exercise on functional resting-state connectivity in the DMN in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: In a single-blinded randomized controlled trial, we assessed the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention of 16 weeks of physical exercise on DMN connectivity using rs-fMRI in patients with AD.

Participant evaluation of a behavioral intervention targeting reduction of sedentary behavior in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a mixed methods study.

The "Joint Resources - Sedentary Behavior Study" (JR-SB) revealed significant behavioral and cardio-metabolic effects of reducing daily sedentary behavior replaced by light-intensity physical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study explores the participant perception and experiences of the intervention and impact on the participants' health, family and physical activity behavior. A mixed-methods study design, including quantitative and qualitative data, was applied.

Inter-Day Test-Retest Reproducibility of the CAT, CCQ, HADS and EQ-5D-3L in Patients with Severe and Very Severe COPD.

Introduction: In patients with COPD, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D-3L) are widely used patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) of respiratory symptoms, anxiety, depression and quality of life. Despite established validity, responsiveness and minimal important change (MIC), the reproducibility and especially important agreement parameters remain unreported in these frequently used PROMs. The aim of this study was to investigate the inter-day test-retest reliability and agreement of the CAT, CCQ, HADS and EQ-5D-3L in patients with severe and very severe COPD (FEV1 <50%) eligible for hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation.

Exercise in patients with hip osteoarthritis - effects on muscle and functional performance: A randomized trial.

Background: It is believed that clinical management of osteoarthritis should address muscle weakness to improve physical function and prevent disability and frailty.

Objectives: This sub-study investigated the effects of supervised progressive resistance training (RT), supervised Nordic Walking (NW), and unsupervised home-based exercise (HBE) on muscle and functional performance; and associations between these exercise-induced changes in persons with hip osteoarthritis.

Methods: Forty-two patients with hip osteoarthritis were recruited from a larger RCT (NCT01387867).

The role of physical and cognitive function in performance of activities of daily living in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease - a cross-sectional study.

Background: Several factors may play a role in the ability of patients with Alzheimer's disease to perform activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different aspects of physical performance and cognitive functions on ADL in patients suffering from mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: We conducted secondary analyses on cross-sectional baseline data from the randomized controlled multicentre study "Preserving quality of life, physical health and functional ability in Alzheimer's Disease: The effect of physical exercise" (ADEX).

The Impact of Self-Efficacy on Activity Limitations in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Pain and activity limitations are the main health complaints in osteoarthritis. We explored pathways between pain and activity limitations in a chain mediation model that involved self-efficacy, physical activity behavior, and muscle function in patients with hip osteoarthritis not awaiting hip replacement.

Methods: We used cross-sectional, baseline data from a randomized controlled trial on 152 patients with clinical hip osteoarthritis according to the American College of Rheumatology not awaiting hip replacement.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Function in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease after a Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Regimen-A Prospective Cohort Feasibility Study.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease and a multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation has been suggested as the best clinical practice. However, very few studies have investigated the long-term effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach, particularly regarding whether this can slow the progression of PD. The purpose was to investigate the short- and long-term effect of a 2-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation regimen on the PD-related decline in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), mobility, and muscle function.

12-months follow-up of pulmonary tele-rehabilitation versus standard pulmonary rehabilitation: A multicentre randomised clinical trial in patients with severe COPD.

Between March 2016 and October 2017, we randomised 134 patients with severe COPD from 8 hospitals in the Capital Region of Denmark to participate in either standardised, outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (control group) or on-line, supervised and home-based tele-rehabilitation (intervention group). We found no difference between the groups in the primary outcome: six minutes walking distance (6MWD) after completion of the programme. The current study presents results from the 12-month follow-up with assessment of the 6MWD and analyses of hospitalisation and mortality.

Supervised pulmonary tele-rehabilitation versus pulmonary rehabilitation in severe COPD: a randomised multicentre trial.

Rationale: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective, key standard treatment for people with COPD. Nevertheless, low participant uptake, insufficient attendance and high drop-out rates are reported. Investigation is warranted of the benefits achieved through alternative approaches, such as pulmonary tele-rehabilitation (PTR).

A randomized controlled trial of the effect of supervised progressive cross-continuum strength training and protein supplementation in older medical patients: the STAND-Cph trial.

Background: During hospitalization, older adults (+ 65 years) are inactive, which puts them at risk of functional decline and loss of independence. Systematic strength training can prevent loss of functional performance and combining strength training with protein supplementation may enhance the response in muscle mass and strength. However, we lack knowledge about the effect of strength training commenced during hospitalization and continued after discharge in older medical patients.

Sustained Long-Term Efficacy of Motivational Counseling and Text Message Reminders on Daily Sitting Time in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Long-Term Follow-up of a Randomized, Parallel-Group Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the 18-month postintervention efficacy following a 4-month individually tailored behavioral intervention on daily sitting time in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: In an observer-blinded randomized trial, 150 RA patients were included. During 4 months, the intervention group (n = 75) received 3 motivational counseling sessions and tailored text messages aimed at increasing light-intensity physical activity through reduction of sedentary behavior.

Influence of between-limb asymmetry in muscle mass, strength, and power on functional capacity in healthy older adults.

Purpose: Numerous daily tasks such as walking and rising from a chair involve bilateral lower limb movements. During such tasks, lower extremity function (LEF) may be compromised among older adults. LEF may be further impaired due to high degrees of between-limb asymmetry.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease who carry the ε4 allele benefit more from physical exercise.

Introduction: Our group has completed an exercise study of 200 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. We found improvements in cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and physical measures in the participants who adhered to the protocol. Epidemiological studies in healthy elderly suggest that exercise preserves cognitive and physical abilities to a higher extent in ε4 carriers.

Intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of the 6-minute walk test and the 30-second sit-to-stand test in patients with severe and very severe COPD.

Background: In patients with COPD, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the 30-second sit-to-stand test (30sec-STS) are widely used as clinical outcome measures of walking capacity, lower limb muscle strength, and functional ability. Due to a documented learning effect, at least two trials are recommended for assessment. The aim of our study was to investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability and agreement of the two tests in patients with severe and very severe COPD (FEV <50%).

Change in Fitness and the Relation to Change in Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms After Aerobic Exercise in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Physical activity has the potential to improve physical function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to modify disease processes and cognitive function.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate 1) the effect of moderate-high-intensity aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, i.e.

Assessment of Mobility in Older People Hospitalized for Medical Illness Using the de Morton Mobility Index and Cumulated Ambulation Score-Validity and Minimal Clinical Important Difference.

Background And Purpose: Older adults acutely hospitalized for medical illness typically have comorbidity and disability, and in-hospital physical inactivity greatly increases the likelihood of developing new disability. Thus, assessment of the patients' mobility status is crucial for planning and carrying out targeted interventions that ensure mobilization during hospital admission. The aim of this study was to determine convergent validity, known group validity, floor and ceiling effects, and anchor-based minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the more time-consuming de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) and the less time-consuming Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS) in older adults acutely hospitalized for medical illness.

Exploring PTDH-P450BM3 Variants for the Synthesis of Drug Metabolites.

The conversion of a series of pharmaceutical compounds was examined with three variants of cytochrome P450BM3 fused to phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) to enable cofactor recycling. Conditions for enzyme production were optimized, and the purified PTDH-P450BM3 variants were tested against 32 commercial drugs by using rapid UPLC-MS analysis. The sets of mutations (R47L/F87V/L188Q and R47L/F87V/L188Q/E267V/G415S) improved conversion for all compounds, and a variety of products were detected.

COPD online-rehabilitation versus conventional COPD rehabilitation - rationale and design for a multicenter randomized controlled trial study protocol (CORe trial).

Background: Rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a key treatment in COPD. However, despite the existing evidence and a strong recommendation from lung associations worldwide, 50% of patients with COPD decline to participate in COPD rehabilitation program and 30-50% drop-out before completion. The main reasons are severe symptoms, inflexible accessibility and necessity for transportation.

Social participation and heat-related behavior in older adults during heat waves and on other days.

Background: High indoor temperatures require behavioral adaptation, especially among vulnerable older adults. There are uncertainties as to the degree to which people adapt to these challenging conditions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the degree of adaptation of social participation and other heat-related behavior with respect to higher indoor temperatures.

Exercise induced effects on muscle function and range of motion in patients with hip osteoarthritis.

Background And Purpose: Patients with hip osteoarthritis have impairments in muscle function (muscle strength and power) and hip range of motion (ROM), and it is commonly believed that effective clinical management of osteoarthritis should address these impairments to reduce pain and disability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the short- and long-term effects of 4 months of physiotherapist-supervised strength training, physiotherapist-supervised Nordic Walking (NW), or unsupervised home-based exercise (HBE) on muscle function and hip ROM in patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis.

Methods: Secondary outcome analyses from an observer-blinded three-armed parallel-design randomized controlled trial in 60+-year-old patients with clinical hip osteoarthritis (American College of Rheumatology criteria) who were not on a waiting list for hip replacement.

Cost-effectiveness of a randomised trial of physical activity in Alzheimer's disease: a secondary analysis exploring patient and proxy-reported health-related quality of life measures in Denmark.

Objectives: To explore the cost-effectiveness of a supervised moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise programme in people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) using participant-reported and proxy-reported measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) DESIGN: A cost-effectiveness analysis of economic and HRQoL data from a randomised trial delivered over 16 weeks.

Setting: Memory clinics in Denmark.

Participants: 200 individuals with mild AD aged 50-90 years gave informed consent to participate in the study.

The efficacy of motivational counselling and SMS reminders on daily sitting time in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: The aim of this report is to investigate the efficacy of an individually tailored, theory-based behavioural intervention for reducing daily sitting time, pain and fatigue, as well as improving health-related quality of life, general self-efficacy, physical function and cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: In this randomised controlled trial 150 patients with RA were randomised to an intervention or a no-intervention control group. The intervention group received three individual motivational counselling sessions and short message service or text messages aimed at reduction of sedentary behaviour during the 16-week intervention period.

Improved skeletal muscle mass and strength after heavy strength training in very old individuals.

Age-related loss of muscle mass and function represents personal and socioeconomic challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine the adaptation of skeletal musculature in very old individuals (83+ years) performing 12weeks of heavy resistance training (3×/week) (HRT) compared to a non-training control group (CON). Both groups received similar protein supplementations.