Using Large Language Models to Support Content Analysis: A Case Study of ChatGPT for Adverse Event Detection.

This study explores the potential of using large language models to assist content analysis by conducting a case study to identify adverse events (AEs) in social media posts. The case study compares ChatGPT's performance with human annotators' in detecting AEs associated with delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabis-derived product. Using the identical instructions given to human annotators, ChatGPT closely approximated human results, with a high degree of agreement noted: 94.

AI-Generated Draft Replies Integrated Into Health Records and Physicians' Electronic Communication.

Importance: Timely tests are warranted to assess the association between generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) use and physicians' work efforts.

Objective: To investigate the association between GenAI-drafted replies for patient messages and physician time spent on answering messages and the length of replies.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized waiting list quality improvement (QI) study from June to August 2023 in an academic health system.

Musicogenic seizures-STXBP1 encephalopathy with reflex seizures.

Mutations in the gene encoding syntaxin binding protein 1 (STXBP1) have been implicated in a wide variety of epileptic encephalopathies. Although the recognized phenotypes of patients with STXBP1 encephalopathies have broadened in recent years, no case of reflex seizures, particularly musicogenic seizures, has been reported in the literature. We present an 18-year-old woman with STXBP1 encephalopathy and seizures that are stereotypically reproducible in response to a variety of audible stimuli.

Ambulatory EEG: Crossing the divide during a pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced temporary closure of epilepsy monitoring units across the globe due to potential hospital-based contagion. As COVID-19 exposures and deaths continues to surge in the United States and around the world, other types of long-term EEG monitoring have risen to fill the gap and minimize hospital exposure. AEEG has high yield compared to standard EEG.

Paradoxical Embolism Causing Myocardial Infarction in a COVID-19 Patient Presenting With Pulmonary Embolism.

The presence of myocardial injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection is common. The cardiac complications of SARS-CoV2 infection are varied and distinguishing between them can be complicated.  A 55-year-old man with recent diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection presented with chest pain, syncope, and was found to have saddle pulmonary embolism (PE).

Optic Neuritis After a Snakebite: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Snakebite is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in India, particularly in rural regions. Of the 57 known venomous species of snakes in India, the 4 most dangerous snakes are the cobra, the common krait, the Russell viper, and the saw-scaled viper. Of these, the snakes commonly implicated with neurotoxicity are the cobra and the common krait-both elapidae.

Television-induced electronegative photoparoxysmal response: an extratemporal seizure mimic?

Video-EEG monitoring is an established gold-standard procedure for diagnosis and differentiation of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. Epilepsy misdiagnosis, to which factors such as EEG artifact misinterpretation contribute to, is common, and can have long-lasting iatrogenic repercussions to the clinical management of affected patients. Among the many types of responses to photic stimulation, artifacts and physiologic and epileptic responses are possible.

Crying with depressed affect induced by electrical stimulation of the anterior insula: A stereo EEG case study.

Stereo-EEG (sEEG) is an invasive recording technique used to localize the seizure-onset zone for epilepsy surgery in people with drug-resistant focal seizures. Pathological crying reflects disordered emotional expression and the anterior insula is known to play a role in empathy and socio-emotional processing. We describe a patient where electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) of the anterior insula during sEEG generated pathological crying and profound sadness that was time-locked to the electrical stimulus.

Case Report: Unprovoked venous thromboembolism in a young adult male.

A 24-year-old male was presented to us with sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea for the past one hour. There was no history of calf pain, trauma, surgery, prolonged immobilization, long-haul air travel, bleeding diathesis or any other co-morbidity. The patient denied any addiction history.

Effectiveness of SIESTA on Objective and Subjective Metrics of Nighttime Hospital Sleep Disruptors.

We created Sleep for Inpatients: Empowering Staff to Act (SIESTA), which combines electronic "nudges" to forgo nocturnal vitals and medications with interprofessional education on improving patient sleep. In one "SIESTAenhanced unit," nurses received coaching and integrated SIESTA into daily huddles; a standard unit did not. Six months pre- and post-SIESTA, sleep-friendly orders rose in both units (foregoing vital signs: SIESTA unit, 4% to 34%; standard, 3% to 22%, P < .

C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 Splice Variants Differentially Activate Beta-Arrestins to Regulate Downstream Signaling Pathways.

Biased agonism, the ability of different ligands for the same receptor to selectively activate some signaling pathways while blocking others, is now an established paradigm for G protein-coupled receptor signaling. One group of receptors in which endogenous bias is critical is the chemokine system, consisting of over 50 ligands and 20 receptors that bind one another with significant promiscuity. We have previously demonstrated that ligands for the same receptor can cause biased signaling responses.

Awakenings? Patient and Hospital Staff Perceptions of Nighttime Disruptions and Their Effect on Patient Sleep.

Study Objectives: Although important to recovery, sleeping in the hospital is difficult because of disruptions. Understanding how patients, hospital physicians, and nurses perceive sleep disruptions and identifying which disruptions are associated with objective sleep loss can help target improvement initiatives.

Methods: Patients and hospital staff completed the Potential Hospital Sleep Disruptions and Noises Questionnaire (PHSDNQ).

When Pulmonary Function Test is Available, Should we Wait for the COPD Symptoms to Develop?

Adolescent smokers are more likely to be addicted to nicotine and develop a chronic habit. Chronic smoking has a direct impact on quality of life and life expectancy. Repeated environmental exposure and smoke inhalation can be deleterious to health.

Heart Rhythm Society members' views on pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator reuse.

Background: Reuse of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) may help address the unmet need among patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: To examine Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) physicians' opinions regarding CIED reuse, an online survey eliciting attitudes toward CIED reuse was sent to all 3,380 HRS physician members.

Results: There were 429 responses (response rate 13%).

Interaction of ciliary disease protein retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator with nephronophthisis-associated proteins in mammalian retinas.

Purpose: Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) is a cilia-centrosomal protein that frequently mutates in X-linked retinal degeneration and associated disorders. RPGR interacts with multiple ciliary proteins in the retina. Perturbations in the assembly of RPGR complexes are associated with retinal degeneration.