Incidence of Adjacent Synchronous Ipsilateral Infiltrating Carcinoma and/or Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Patients Diagnosed with Flat Epithelial Atypia by Core Needle Biopsy (TBCRC 034).

Background: Flat epithelial atypia (FEA), a rare breast proliferative lesion, is often diagnosed following core biopsy (CB) of mammographic microcalcifications. In the prospective multi-institution TBCRC 034 trial, we investigate the upgrade rate to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive cancer following excision for patients diagnosed with FEA on CB.

Patients And Methods: Patients with a breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) ≤ 4 imaging abnormality and a concordant CB diagnosis of FEA were identified for excision.

Engineering Inhalable Therapeutic Particles: Conventional and Emerging Approaches.

Respirable particles are integral to effective inhalable therapeutic ingredient delivery, demanding precise engineering for optimal lung deposition and therapeutic efficacy. This review describes different physicochemical properties and their role in determining the aerodynamic performance and therapeutic efficacy of dry powder formulations. Furthermore, advances in top-down and bottom-up techniques in particle preparation, highlighting their roles in tailoring particle properties and optimizing therapeutic outcomes, are also presented.

Impact of thermal and nonthermal process intensification techniques on yield and quality of virgin coconut oil.

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is valued for its nutraceutical potential. The focus of this research was to assess the effect of selected thermal and nonthermal pre-treatments on the yield and quality of subsequently wet-extracted VCO. The fresh coconut cream was subjected to microwave heating (450 W, 2 min), ohmic heating (180 V, 5 min), ultrasonication (350 W, 10 min), or a pulsed electric field (40 kV cm, 12.

Modeling and Simulation of 3D Food Printing Systems-Scope, Advances, and Challenges.

Food 3D printing is a computer-aided additive manufacturing technology that can transform foods into intricate customized forms. In the past decade, this field has phenomenally advanced and one pressing need is the development of strategies to support process optimization. Among different approaches, a range of modeling methods have been explored to simulate 3D printing processes.

Microfluidic assessment of nutritional biomarkers: Concepts, approaches and advances.

Among various approaches to understand the health status of an individual, nutritional biomarkers can provide valuable information, particularly in terms of deficiencies, if any, and their severity. Commonly, the approach revolves around molecular sciences, and the information gained can support prognosis, diagnosis, remediation, and impact assessment of therapies. Microfluidic platforms can offer benefits of low sample and reagent requirements, low cost, high precision, and lower detection limits, with simplicity in handling and the provision for complete automation and integration with information and communication technologies (ICTs).

Development of iron-vitamin multilayer encapsulates using 3 fluid nozzle spray drying.

Considering the growing concern of iron and folic acid deficiency, encapsulation of these nutrients and fortification into foods is emerging as an effective counter-strategy. The present work focuses on a scalable approach for the production of iron, ascorbic acid, and folic acid core-shell encapsulates using novel 3-fluid nozzle (3FN) spray drying with whey protein as core and either pectin or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as shell polymers. The effect of shell formation was observed by comparing core-shell encapsulates with conventional 2-fluid nozzle (2FN) encapsulates.

Racial-ethnic variations in phyllodes tumors among a multicenter United States cohort.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies have identified racial-ethnic differences in the diagnostic patterns and recurrence outcomes of women with phyllodes tumors (PT). However, these studies are generally limited in size and generalizability. We therefore sought to explore racial-ethnic differences in age, tumor size, subtype, and recurrence in a large US cohort of women with PT.

Medium chain triglycerides (MCT): State-of-the-art on chemistry, synthesis, health benefits and applications in food industry.

Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) are esters of fatty acids with 6 to 12 carbon atom chains. Naturally, they occur in various sources; their composition and bioactivity are source and extraction process-linked. The molecular size of MCT oil permits unique metabolic pathways and energy production rates, making MCT oil a high-value functional food.

How Often Does Retrieval of a Clipped Lymph Node Change Adjuvant Therapy Recommendations? A Prospective, Consecutive, Patient Cohort Study.

Background: Prior studies examining sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for cN1 patients have demonstrated that 20% of biopsied, clipped lymph nodes (cLNs) are nonsentinel lymph nodes (non-SLNs). Our goal was to determine how often the cLN was a non-SLN among both cN0 and cN1 patients and how often cLN pathology impacted management.

Methods: Overall, 238 patients treated with NAC and surgery January 2019 to June 2020 were prospectively examined.

Limited Reporting of Histopathologic Details in a Multi-Institutional Academic Cohort of Phyllodes Tumors: Time for Standardization.

Background: Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms that are classified by tiered histopathologic features. While there are protocols for the reporting of cancer specimens, no standardized reporting protocol exists for phyllodes.

Methods: We performed an 11-institution contemporary review of phyllodes tumors.

Contemporary Multi-Institutional Cohort of 550 Cases of Phyllodes Tumors (2007-2017) Demonstrates a Need for More Individualized Margin Guidelines.

Purpose: Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are rare breast neoplasms, which have little granular data on margins. Current guidelines recommend ≥ 1 cm margins; however, recent data suggest narrower margins are sufficient, and for benign PT, a negative margin may not be necessary.

Methods: We performed an 11-institution contemporary (2007-2017) review of PT practices.

Germline Genetic Mutations in a Multi-center Contemporary Cohort of 550 Phyllodes Tumors: An Opportunity for Expanded Multi-gene Panel Testing.

Background: A paucity of data exists regarding inherited mutations associated with phyllodes tumors (PT); however, some are reported (TP53, BRCA1, and RB1). A PT diagnosis does not meet NCCN criteria for testing, including within Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (TP53). We sought to determine the prevalence of mutations associated with PT.

Development of Screen-Printed Electrode Biosensor for Rapid Determination of Triglyceride Content in Coconut Milk.

The screen-printed electrode biosensor was developed for triglyceride determination in coconut milk. The biosensor was developed by adding lipase, glycerol-3-phosphate (GPO), and glycerol kinase (GK), which is immobilized to a gelatin solution. The concentration of triglyceride is found to be linear to the current produced.

Bilateral mastectomy operations and the role for the cosurgeon technique: A Nationwide analysis of surgical practice patterns.

Traditionally, bilateral mastectomy (BM) operations are performed by a single surgeon but a two-attending co-surgeon technique (CST) has been described. A questionnaire was sent to members of the American Society of Breast Surgeons to assess national BM practices and analyze utilization and perceived benefits of the CST. Among surgeons responding, most continue to use the single-surgeon approach for BMs; however, 14.

Impact of Residual Nodal Disease Burden on Technical Outcomes of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Node-Positive (cN1) Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Background: Recent trials have demonstrated the feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for cN1 breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This study evaluated the technical outcomes of SLNB by residual nodal disease volume.

Methods: From a prospective database, cT1-3 cN1 patients receiving NAC and surgery from 2016 to 2017 were identified.

Multidisciplinary Management of the Axilla in Patients with cT1-T2 N0 Breast Cancer Undergoing Primary Mastectomy: Results from a Prospective Single-Institution Series.

Background: The after mapping of the axilla: radiotherapy or surgery (AMAROS) trial concluded that for patients with cT1-2 N0 breast cancer and one or two positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), axillary radiotherapy (AxRT) provides equivalent locoregional control and a lower incidence of lymphedema compared with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The study prospectively assessed how often ALND could be replaced by AxRT in a consecutive cohort of patients undergoing mastectomy for cT1-2 N0 breast cancer.

Methods: In November 2015, our multidisciplinary group agreed to omit routine intraoperative SLN evaluation for cT1-2 N0 patients undergoing upfront mastectomy and potentially eligible for postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT), including those 60 years of age or younger and those older than 60 years with high-risk features.

Bilateral mastectomies: can a co-surgeon technique offer improvements over the single-surgeon method?

Purpose: Bilateral mastectomy (BM) is traditionally performed using a single-surgeon (SS) technique (SST); a co-surgeon (CS) technique (CST), where each attending surgeon concurrently performs a unilateral mastectomy, offers an alternative approach. We sought to compare the CST and SST for BM with respect to operative times and complications.

Methods: Patients undergoing BM without reconstruction at our institution between 2005 and 2015 were identified using operative caselogs and stratified into CS- and SS-cohorts.

Does "Two is Better Than One" Apply to Surgeons? Comparing Single-Surgeon Versus Co-surgeon Bilateral Mastectomies.

Background: Bilateral mastectomies (BM) are traditionally performed by single surgeons (SS); a co-surgeon (CS) technique, where each surgeon concurrently performs a unilateral mastectomy, offers an alternative approach. We examined differences in general surgery time (GST), overall surgery time (OST), and patient complications for BM performed by CS and SS.

Methods: Patients undergoing BM with tissue expander reconstruction (BMTR) between January 2010 and May 2014 at our center were identified through operative case logs.

Endodermal sinus tumor of vulva (a case report).

An unusual case of endodermal sinus tumor (EST) of the ovary at an extragonadal site-vulva, in an unmarried female of 25 yr is reported. The patient presented only with a vulval swelling on the right side without any other signs or symptoms. The internal genital organs mainly the ovaries were normal.