Comparative efficacy of hospital disinfectants against nosocomial infection pathogens.

Background: Due to the increasing rate of hospital-acquired infections, it is essential to select appropriate disinfectant agents. In this study, the efficacy of hospital disinfectants against nosocomial infection pathogens was compared.

Methods: High level disinfectants (Steranios 2%, Deconex HLDPA, and Microzed Quatenol) were tested for their antibacterial effects by determining their minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 10673.

Antibacterial effects of microbial synthesized silver-copper nanoalloys on and .

Background And Objectives: Bacterial resistance is an emerging public health problem worldwide. Metallic nanoparticles and nanoalloys open a promising field due to their excellent antimicrobial effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of Ag-Cu nanoalloys, which were biosynthesized by ATCC 39392, on some of the important bacterial pathogens, including , and .

The protective effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium as the gut microbiota members against chronic urticaria.

Background: Chronic Urticaria is a common disorder which is defined by recurrent occurrence of wheals and sometimes angioedema. It has a notable influence on the patients' quality of life. Regulation of the immune system is one of the important roles of the gut microbiota.

Emergence of vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus among methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from clinical specimens in the northwest of Iran.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency as well as the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolates from clinical specimens at three university teaching hospitals in Urmia, Northwest Iran, from 2012-2015.

Methods: Following identification of the isolates, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed.

Evaluation of anti-bacterial effects of nickel nanoparticles on biofilm production by .

Background And Objectives: produces biofilm by extracellular polysaccharides, causing bacterial adherence to different surfaces. Anti-microbial effects of nickel nanoparticles on some bacterial strains such as and have been determined in limited studies. The aim of the present study is to examine the inhibitory effect of nickel nanoparticles on biofilm formation using clinical isolates of and its hemolytic effect on human red blood cells.

Eradication of methicillin resistant biofilm by the combined use of fosfomycin and β-chloro-L-alanine.

Background And Objectives: Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor for methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Fosfomycin is a borad-spectrum antibiotic with inhibitory effects on biofilm production and β-Chloro-L-alanine (β-CLA) is an amino acid analog. The aim of this study was to determine effect of the combination of fosfomycin and β-CLA on biofilm production by MRSA isolates.

Association of altered gut microbiota composition with chronic urticaria.

Background: An altered gut microbiota composition has recently been linked to some types of allergies.

Objective: To compare the relative amounts of Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium leptum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Enterobacteriaceae as members of gut microbiota among patients with chronic urticaria (CU) and healthy controls.

Methods: A total of 20 patients with CU and 20 healthy individuals matched by age and sex participated in the study.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage between healthy students of medical and nonmedical universities.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a challenge for public health, and community-acquired (CA) infections seem to be increasing among people in different areas.

Methods: A total of 700 healthy student volunteers residing in dormitories of universities in Urmia, Iran, were enrolled in this study. After identification of the isolates, antibiotic susceptibility, presence of mecA and pvl genes, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing were evaluated.

Polymorphisms in Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Gene and Association with Tuberculosis.

Purpose: Genetic susceptibility for tuberculosis in human has been previously demonstrated. Polymorphisms in genes involved in immune responses may alter the susceptibility of individuals to tuberculosis. Polymorphisms of beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene can be possibly an important risk factor in tuberculosis.

Effect of Echinophora platyloba DC. essential oil and lycopene on the stability of pasteurized cream obtained from cow milk.

The present study was carried out to enhance shelf life of pasteurized cream using Echinophora platyloba essential oil (EEO) and lycopene. For this purpose, two concentrations of EEO (0.10% and 0.

Mutation analysis of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in Azerbaijani population, a report from West Azerbaijan province of Iran.

Objectives: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic inborn error of phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism resulting from insufficiency in the hepatic enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which leads to elevated levels of Phe in the blood. The present study was carried out for mutation analysis of the PAH gene in West Azerbaijan province of Iran.

Materials And Methods: A total of 218 alleles from 40 PKU families were studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) method.

Frequency of the VNTR-Polymorphisms at the PAH Gene in the Iranian Azeri Turkish Patients with Phenylketonuria.

Introduction: This study was carried out to determine the frequency of the VNTR-polymorphisms at the PAH gene in the Iranian Azeri Turkish patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and normal controls.

Material And Methods: The VNTR-polymorphisms were determined by PCR in 43 PKU patients as well as 43 controls.

Outcomes: The frequencies of VNTR-alleles were 13(15.

Molecular Genetic Analysis of the Variable Number of Tandem-Repeat Alleles at the Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Gene in Iranian Azeri Turkish Population.

Background: The variable numbers of tandem-repeat (VNTR) alleles at the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene have been used in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in phenylketonuria families. This study was carried out to analyze VNTR alleles at the PAH gene in Iranian Azeri Turkish population.

Methods: In this study, 200 alleles from general population were studied by PCR.

An Association Study between INSR/NsiI (rs2059806) and INSR/PmlI (rs1799817) SNPs in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

Background: It has been demonstrated that insulin signaling pathway related genes have important roles in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) risk. The goal of present investigation was to assess the potential association between INSR/NsiI (rs2059806) and INSR/PmlI (rs1799817) SNPs and PCOS.

Methods: 50 women with PCOS and 47 normal controls entered the study.

Vitamin D Receptor TaqI Gene Variant in Exon 9 and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Risk.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known as a metabolic disorder. The results of recent studies implied that vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic variants may impact PCOS and insulin resistance in women with PCOS. The aim of the present study was to determine the VDR TaqI gene variant in exon 9 (T/C) (rs731236) in normal controls and patients with PCOS for the first time in Iranian Azeri women.

Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and methanol extract of Echinophora platyloba D.C against some of food-borne pathogenic bacteria.

Echinophora Platyloba D.C as a medicinal plant is used for preservation of foods and treatment of many diseases in different regions of Iran. The present study was undertaken to determine the chemical composition and investigation of the antibacterial effects of essential oil as well as methanol extract from aerial part of Echinophora Platyloba D.

Lack of Association of Vitamin D Receptor FokI (rs10735810) (C/T) and BsmI (rs1544410) (A/G) Genetic Variations with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Risk: a Case-control Study from Iranian Azeri Turkish Women.

Introduction: In this study we evaluate the involvement of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) FokI (rs10735810) Exon 2 (C/T) and BsmI (rs1544410) Intron 8 (A/G) gene variations in genetic susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Iranian Azeri Turkish women.

Materials And Methods: The RFLP-PCR method was performed on peripheral blood lymphocyte for a total of 46 females with PCOS and 46 controls.

Outcomes: VDR FokI (rs10735810) CC,CT,TT,C and T genotypic/allelic frequencies were 22(47.

Synergistic effects of glutamine and ciprofloxacin in reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced septic shock severity.

Background: Systemic inflammatory response induced by over expressing inflammatory mediators is the main pathogenic mechanism of septic shock. Glutamine (Gln) has been demonstrated to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release through enhanced heat shock protein (HSP) expression.

Objective: To assess the effect of co-administration of Gln and antibiotic ciprofloxacin in reduction of septic shock severity caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice.

Naloxone and alum synergistically augment adjuvant activities of each other in a mouse vaccine model of Salmonella typhimurium infection.

Alum is the most commonly used adjuvant for human vaccination but is a poor inducer of cell mediated immunity and T helper 1 (Th1) responses. We have previously shown that naloxone (NLX), which is a general opioid antagonist, acts as an effective adjuvant in enhancing vaccine-induced cellular immunity and Th1 immune responses. Here, we tested the efficacy of an alum-NLX mixture, as a new adjuvant, in the induction of humoral and cellular immunity in response to endotoxin-removed lysate (ERL) of Salmonella typhimurium (S.

A novel adjuvant, a mixture of alum and the general opioid antagonist naloxone, elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses for heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine.

In the current study, we tested the efficacy of the mixture of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, and alum, as a new adjuvant, in the induction of humoral and cellular immunity in response to heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium (HKST) as a model vaccine. BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. Mice in the experimental groups received either the HKST vaccine alone or in combination with the adjuvant alum, naloxone or the alum-naloxone mixture.

Detection of metallo-β-lactamase-encoding genes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in northwest of Iran.

The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production among 104 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from northwest of Iran was investigated by phenotypic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Thirty-nine (37.50%) of isolates were MBL positive by double-disk synergy test.

Evaluation of the adjuvant activity of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, in combination with heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes vaccine.

We have previously demonstrated the adjuvant activity of naloxone (NLX), a general opioid antagonist, using a DNA vaccine for herpes simplex virus type 1. Here, the adjuvant activity of NLX has been evaluated using a heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKLM) vaccine as a model for general immunization against intracellular bacteria. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: the Vac group received the HKLM vaccine alone; the NLX-Vac group received the HKLM vaccine in combination with the adjuvant NLX; and the control group received phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

Post heat shock tolerance: a neuroimmunological anti-inflammatory phenomenon.

We previously showed that the progression of burn-induced injury was inhibited by exposing the peripheral area of injured skin to sublethal hyperthermia following the burn. We called this phenomenon post-heat shock tolerance. Here we suggest a mechanism for this phenomenon.