Spatial compartmentalization of signaling imparts source-specific functions on secreted factors.

Efficient regeneration requires multiple cell types acting in coordination. To better understand the intercellular networks involved and how they change when regeneration fails, we profile the transcriptome of hematopoietic, stromal, myogenic, and endothelial cells over 14 days following acute muscle damage. We generate a time-resolved computational model of interactions and identify VEGFA-driven endothelial engagement as a key differentiating feature in models of successful and failed regeneration.

Brain solutions for hearing problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and the misery of wearing a mask.

Background: In COVID-19 pandemics days, wearing facial mask in public places has become obligatory to prevent the virus spread. In addition to its valuable protection, wearing facial mask can affect verbal communication in an adverse fashion and makes mutual understanding difficult. This happens because the mask eliminates the positive effect of the lip-reading phenomenon in direct communications.

Undetected pituitary adenoma in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa.

Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one of the most severe hereditary retinal disorders with a worldwide prevalence reaching 1 in every 3000-5000 people and a total of almost one million affected individuals. RP is heterogeneous in its clinical presentations but typically presents as progressive visual dysfunction, including nyctalopia in adolescence, restricted peripheral vision (tunnel vision) in young adults, and loss of central vision at an advanced age.

Case Description: Herein, we want to report a case of RP who presented with gradual worsening of vision and headache, and further evaluation revealed a concomitant non-functional pituitary macroadenoma.

HONEY-DERIVED LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS ALLEVIATES HELICOBACTER PYLORI-INDUCED GASTRO-INTESTINAL INFECTION AND GASTRIC INFLAMMATION IN C57BL/6 MICE: AN IMMUNO-HISTOLOGIC STUDY.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been introduced by since 1983 by Marshal and Warren to play the main role in the pathophysiology of gastritis and gastric ulcers. Almost half of the world population1 is infected by H.

Risk Factors for Unfavorable Outcome in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Revisited; Odds and Ends.

Objectives: To evaluate the odds for unfavorable outcome of each risk factor and a combination of them in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) undergoing surgical clipping in Southern Iran.

Methods: A total of 367 patients who were operated between March 2007 and March 2016 due to aneurysmal SAH were analyzed according to patients' factors, aneurysm characteristics and intra-operative data. Correlation between outcomes of patients measured by modified Rankin Scale at 6-months with each factor were analyzed.

Sphenoid Aspergilloma with Headache and Acute Vision Loss.

Background: Fungal infection is a rare pathology in the sphenoid sinus, and extension into the pituitary fossa with visual loss has only been described in a few reports in the literature. Following publication of a recent report of pituitary abscess by Candida glabrata, we describe our own experience with a similar pathology.

Case Description: In the present report, we overview a diabetic patient who sustained aspergilloma in his sphenoid sinus with extension to the pituitary fossa.

Transventricular Transvelar Approach to Trochlear Nerve Schwannoma: Novel Technique to Lesions of Inferior Pineal Region.

Objectives: The schwannoma of the trochlear nerve is rare and originates mostly from the distal parts in the interpeduncular cistern. A lesion on the proximal segment in the inferior pineal region is extremely rare. Because of the rarity of the disease, the surgical approach to this region for the resection of trochlear nerve schwannoma has not been well documented in the literature.

Management of Pediatric Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation with a Simple Handmade Cervical Traction Device: Doing More with Less.

Objectives: To introduce a novel traction device for management of pediatric atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation (AARS) in source limiting areas.

Background: Atlanto-axial (C1-C2) joint is accountable for up to two third of total axial craniocervical rotation. Its major role in pivotal rotation of cervical spine makes it more vulnerable to a certain type of injury known as AARS.

Eosinophilic granuloma at the cerebellopontine angle in an adult; a rare case report and literature review.

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare immunologic disorder, identified by immature proliferation of histiocytes which may present as systemic or focal lesions. Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is localized from of LCH mainly involving bones such as skull, femur, spine, ribs, mandible and pelvis. Cerebello-pontine (CP) angle is a rare anatomic location for involvement by EG.

Effects of atorvastatin on brain contusion volume and functional outcome of patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury; a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of atorvastatin on brain contusion volume and functional outcome of patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study was conducted as a randomized clinical trial during a 16-month period from May 2015 and August 2016 in a level I trauma center in Shiraz, Southern Iran. We included 65 patients with moderate (GCS: 9-13) to severe (GCS: 5-8) TBI who had brain contusions of less than 30cc volume.

Orbital Hydatid Cyst Causing Papilledema and Proptosis in an Adult.

Hydatid cyst is an infectious disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, primarily involving the liver and lungs. The orbit is an extremely rare site for involvement with hydatid cyst. We present a 36-year-old man with unilateral visual loss, proptosis, and papilledema caused by an orbital hydatid cyst.

Ocular Manifestation of a Cervical Spine Injury: An Adult Case of Traumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation Manifesting with Nystagmus.

Background: Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is a rare type of traumatic cervical spine injury in adults, commonly manifesting with painful torticollis and suboccipital headache. Early diagnosis is mandatory to avoid catastrophic consequences. We report a rare case of a patient with AARS who presented with nystagmus due to rotational vertebral artery occlusion.