Retrospective case series of high-density silicone oil (Oxane HD) in severe proliferative vitreorretinal retinal detachment patients.

Background: Describe complications and clinical outcomes of heavy silicone oil (HSO) Oxane HD® use as an alternative to overcome the challenges of performing vitrectomy to treat tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed on patients from one center from August 2014 to Aug 2023. It was included patients who underwent surgery using HSO Oxane HD® to treat rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with PVR or mixed tractional and rhegmatogenous diabetic retinal detachment.

Surgical technique for removal of high-density silicone oil (Oxane HD).

The main drawback for the use of heavy silicone oil (HSO) Oxane HD is the difficulties it presents during removal. It differs from conventional silicone oil removal because it progressively concentrates in the posterior pole during the removal because of its heavier than water density. We describe a technique to facilitate proper HSO Oxane HD removal and minimize residual posterior bubbles and intraoperative complications.

Bacterial endophthalmitis following anti-VEGF intravitreal injections: a retrospective case series.

Background: To describe the incidence of endophthalmitis and the treatment outcomes of acute bacterial endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections in a Brazilian hospital. The analysis was based on the timing of infection after intravitreal injection, culture results, visual acuity, and the presence of epiretinal membrane after a 1-year follow-up period, spanning nine years.

Methods: This retrospective case series, conducted over a 9-year period, aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes of acute endophthalmitis following intravitreal Bevacizumab injections.

Fairness and generalisability in deep learning of retinopathy of prematurity screening algorithms: a literature review.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease responsible for more than 30 000 blind children worldwide. Its diagnosis and treatment are challenging due to the lack of specialists, divergent diagnostic concordance and variation in classification standards. While artificial intelligence (AI) can address the shortage of professionals and provide more cost-effective management, its development needs fairness, generalisability and bias controls prior to deployment to avoid producing harmful unpredictable results.

Advances in Vitreoretinal Surgery.

Advances in vitreoretinal surgery provide greater safety, efficacy, and reliability in the management of the several vitreoretinal diseases that benefit from surgical treatment. The advances are divided into the following topics: scleral buckling using chandelier illumination guided by non-contact visualization systems; sclerotomy/valved trocar diameters; posterior vitrectomy systems and ergonomic vitrectomy probes; chromovitrectomy; vitreous substitutes; intraoperative visualization systems including three-dimensional technology, systems for intraoperative optical coherence tomography, new instrumentation in vitreoretinal surgery, anti-VEGF injection before vitrectomy and in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and new surgical techniques; endoscopic surgery; the management of subretinal hemorrhages; gene therapy; alternative techniques for refractory macular hole; perspectives for stem cell therapy and the prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy; and, finally, the Port Delivery System. The main objective of this review is to update the reader on the latest changes in vitreoretinal surgery and to provide an understanding of how each has impacted the improvement of surgical outcomes.

Evaluation of childhood cataract characteristics at a tertiary referral center.

Purpose: To examine the epidemiological characteristics of children undergoing cataract surgery at a referral center in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, as well as the facts surrounding treatment delays.

Methods: In this transversal observational study, 240 operated eyes from 178 children undergoing cataract surgery were reviewed. The following aspects were analyzed: epidemiological and clinical characteristics, parental observations, red reflex test, operated eye, and age at cataract diagnosis and surgery.

Retinal and choroidal thickness in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease: a cross-sectional cohort study.

Background: To measure the retinal/choroidal thicknesses in the macular area of asymptomatic pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study included 40 children (79 eyes) with SCD and 19 control patients (36 eyes). All subjects underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with enhanced-depth imaging OCT.

Evisceration and enucleation cases in the ophthalmologic emergency department of a tertiary Brazilian hospital.

Purpose: To analyze the epidemiological profiles of evisceration and enucleation cases in the ophthalmologic emergency department of a Brazilian tertiary hospital.

Methods: Patients treated in the ophthalmologic emergency department of Hospital São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) during the period 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Urgent cases of evisceration or enucleation surgery were included, and elective cases were excluded.

Twelve-Year-Old Girl with Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy: A Multimodal Retinal Evaluation.

We report a 12-year-old female patient with acute macular neuroretinopathy assessed with multimodal retinal exams. Initial fluorescein angiogram and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) were both normal, and after 4 months OCT-A showed abnormal vascular flow with normal flow in superficial retina layers, choroid, and choriocapillaris.

Bartonella hanselae retinitis patient evaluated with multimodal retinal exams.

Background: Cat scratch disease is a systemic infectious illness caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. The most common ophthalmological involvement due to infection by Bartonella is Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, whereas the most common posterior segment findings are neuroretinitis and subsequent late macular star. Moreover, other findings, such as retinal or subretinal lesions, intermediate uveitis and angiomatous lesions, may be present.

Role of Vital Dyes in Chromovitrectomy.

Chromovitrectomy, the intraocular application of dyes to assist visualization of preretinal tissues during vitreoretinal surgery, was introduced to avoid ocular complications related to internal limiting membrane peeling, inadequate removal of the vitreous, and incomplete removal of epiretinal membranes. Since 2000, chromovitrectomy has become a popular approach among vitreoretinal specialists. The first vital dye used in chromovitrectomy, indocyanine green, facilitated identification of the fine and transparent internal limiting membrane.

VALUE OF CLINICAL, LABORATORY PARAMETERS AND ANALYSIS OF RETINAL VASCULARIZATION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION.

Background: Portal hypertension is one of the complications of cirrhosis and is associated with numerous systemic manifestations, including renal, brain, pulmonary, cardiac and vascular changes. In routine ophthalmological examinations performed at our service, we observed that some children diagnosed with portal hypertension had increased retinal vascular tortuosity.

Objective: 1.

Six-year epidemiological analysis of post traumatic endophthalmitis in a Brazilian hospital.

Background: To evaluate the epidemiology of endophthalmitis cases related to ocular trauma, including visual acuity during and 1 year after trauma, source of trauma and method of treatment.

Methods: A retrospective study analyzed the epidemiological data of patients with a clinical presentation of endophthalmitis after ocular penetrating trauma between January 2012 and January 2017 at Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, a hospital in São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Results: A total of 453 patients with antecedent open globe trauma were evaluated, among these, 30 patients with suspected endophthalmitis.

The retinal foveal avascular zone as a systemic biomarker to evaluate inflammatory bowel disease control.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic inflammatory disease and is classified as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) depending on the extent of gastrointestinal tract involvement. IBD can be associated with extraintestinal findings, such as fever, weight loss, arthralgia, and mucocutaneous lesions, as well as hepatic, renal and ophthalmological involvement. Clinical parameters and colonoscopy are used to establish the criteria for controlled or non-controlled disease and subsequent definition of treatment.

FREQUENCY OF OPHTHALMOLOGICAL POSTERIOR SEGMENT FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease is a systemic inflammatory disease classified as Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis. It could present extra intestinal findings, such as fever, weight loss, arthralgia, mucocutaneous lesions, hepatic, renal and ophthalmological involvement. Among ophthalmological findings, posterior segment findings are present in less than 1% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, however, these findings could bring definitive visual impairment.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography of central retinal artery occlusion in the patent cilioretinal artery: a case report.

Here we report the case of a 78-year-old male patient with a 2-day history of low visual acuity and fundus and who was diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion. In addition, the patient had an allergy to fluorescein. A fundus examination of the left eye found a pink optic disc with blurred margins, diffuse pallor in the retina with arterial attenuation, and a normal band of the retinal area in the macular region.

Intravitreal Angiostrongylus cantonensis: first case report in South America.

This study reports the first case of intravitreal angiostrongyliasis in South America treated with posterior worm removal via pars plana vitrectomy. This was a retrospective, observational case study. Data from medical charts, wide-field digital imaging, ocular ultrasound, and visual evoked potential studies were reviewed.

CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL TEAR IMAGED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To report a patient presenting a retinal pigment epithelial tear in which optical coherence tomography angiography enabled the visualization of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) not evidenced by the fluorescein angiography. She was treated with 3 monthly intravitreous anti-VEGF injections and intraretinal fluid resolution occurred.

Methods: Observational case report.

Aqueous misdirection syndrome in persistent fetal vasculature (PFV).

We report a case of a 5-year-old girl with persistent fetal vasculature who presented with unilateral acute angle closure caused by aqueous misdirection syndrome that was apparently associated with regression of cycloplegia. Initial treatment with topical steroids, anti-glaucomatous drops, and atropine showed insufficient control of the intraocular pressure (IOP). Surgical treatment with lensectomy and vitrectomy resulted in satisfactory IOP control and no complications at the 6-month follow-up.

Incidence of anterior segment neovascularization during intravitreal treatment for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose:: To analyze the effects of injections of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) and intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on the incidence rates of anterior segment neovascularization (ASN) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in patients with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods:: In this prospective, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled study, 35 patients with macular edema following CRVO were randomized to intravitreal bevacizumab, intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, or sham injections during the first 6 months of the study. The primary outcome was the incidence rate of ASN at month 6.

INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL ZIKA SYNDROME AND OCULAR FINDINGS FROM SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL: SPREAD OF INFECTION.

Background/purpose: To describe the ocular findings of two infants with congenital Zika syndrome born in São Paulo state, Brazil, outside the primary outbreak region.

Methods: Two female infants with congenital Zika syndrome were submitted to a complete screening for infectious diseases, as well as ocular examination, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography of the retina. One of the infants was submitted to ocular ultrasound.

Preoperative and intraoperative prognostic factors of epiretinal membranes using chromovitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the preoperative and intraoperative findings as prognostic indicators of functional and anatomic results of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery.

Patients And Methods: Vitrectomies included ERM and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal with vital dyes. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and autofluorescence were performed at baseline and postoperatively.

Intravitreal injection of ziv-aflibercept in patient with refractory age-related macular degeneration.

The results of a patient with exudative age-related macular degeneration who received an intravitreal injection of ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap; Sanofi-Aventis, Paris, France) in the right eye are described. A complete ocular examination as well as color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, microperimetry, full-field electroretinography, and multifocal electroretinography were performed and repeated 1 month later. The patient experienced subjective and objective improvement of visual acuity with a decrease in intraretinal and subretinal fluid.

Fluidics comparison between dual pneumatic and spring return high-speed vitrectomy systems.

Background And Objective: To compare the water and vitreous flow rates and duty cycle (DC) between two ultrahigh-speed vitrectomy systems: pneumatic with spring return (SR) and dual pneumatic (DP) probes.

Materials And Methods: The flow rate was calculated using a high-sampling precision balance that measured the mass of water and vitreous removed from a vial by a vitreous cutter. Frame-by-frame analysis of a high-speed video of the cutter was used to determine the DC.

Bilateral maculopathy following electrical burn: case report.

Context: Electrical burns are an important etiology in dealing with patients suffering from burns. In situations of extensive deep lesions of multiple organs and systems affecting young and economically active people, there is a need for expensive multidisciplinary treatment, with a high socioeconomic cost for the community. Among the permanent injuries that explain this high cost, eye injuries stand out, since they are widely disabling.