Kitaev interactions through extended superexchange pathways in the Ru honeycomb magnet RuPSiO.

Magnetic materials are composed of the simple building blocks of magnetic moments on a crystal lattice that interact via magnetic exchange. Yet from this simplicity emerges a remarkable diversity of magnetic states. Some reveal the deep quantum mechanical origins of magnetism, for example, quantum spin liquid (QSL) states in which magnetic moments remain disordered at low temperatures despite being strongly correlated through quantum entanglement.

Data Analysis of Dynamics in Protein Solutions Using Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering─Important Insights from Polarized Neutrons.

Protein dynamics play a vital role in biology. Quasi elastic neutron scattering (QENS) is an ideal method to access these dynamics. To isolate protein dynamics, it is important to separate the signal of the buffer and the protein.

Growth Restriction in the Offspring of Mothers With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Importance: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, characterized by subfertility, increased risk of metabolic diseases, and pregnancy complications. Previous studies diverge regarding the association between maternal PCOS and newborn anthropometrics.

Objective: To explore the association between maternal PCOS and newborn anthropometrics and the modifying effects of maternal body mass index, PCOS phenotype, and gestational diabetes.

Hearing, Balance, and Mortality: Sex-Specific Patterns in a Longitudinal Study.

Objectives: Assess the association of hearing on sex-specific overall mortality and death from acute cardiovascular disease and evaluate if these effects are modulated by postural balance.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Otolaryngology department at an academic hospital.

Molecular structural dynamics in water-ethanol mixtures: Spectroscopy with polarized neutrons simultaneously accessing collective and self-diffusion.

Binary mixtures of water with lower alcohols display non-linear phase behaviors upon mixing, which are attributed to potential cluster formation at the molecular level. Unravelling such elusive structures requires investigation of hydrogen-bonding sub-nanosecond dynamics. We employ high-resolution neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy with polarization analysis in combination with selective deuteration to study the concentration-dependent structural dynamics in the water rich part of the phase diagram of water-ethanol mixtures.

Anthropometrics of neonates born to mothers with PCOS with metformin or placebo exposure in utero.

Introduction: Fetal growth may be affected by both maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and metformin therapy. Here, we explore the effect of intrauterine metformin exposure on birth anthropometrics of infants born to women with PCOS. We also investigated whether the effect of metformin on birth anthropometrics is modified by maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, PCOS hyperandrogenic phenotype, serum androgen levels, preconception use of metformin and offspring sex.

Collective dynamics and self-motions in the van der Waals liquid tetrahydrofuran from meso- to inter-molecular scales disentangled by neutron spectroscopy with polarization analysis.

By using time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy with polarization analysis, we have separated coherent and incoherent contributions to the scattering of deuterated tetrahydrofuran in a wide scattering vector (Q)-range from meso- to inter-molecular length scales. The results are compared with those recently reported for water to address the influence of the nature of inter-molecular interactions (van der Waals vs hydrogen bond) on the dynamics. The phenomenology found is qualitatively similar in both systems.

z: Neutron cross section separation from wide-angle uniaxial polarization analysis.

We introduce a simple method to extract the nuclear coherent and isotope incoherent, spin incoherent, and magnetic neutron scattering cross section components from powder scattering data measured using a single neutron beam polarization direction and a position-sensitive detector with large out-of-plane coverage. The method draws inspiration from polarized small-angle neutron scattering and contrasts with conventional so-called "xyz" polarization analysis on wide-angle instruments, which requires measurements with three orthogonal polarization directions. The viability of the method is demonstrated on both simulated and experimental data for the classical "spin ice" system HoTiO, the latter from the LET direct geometry spectrometer at the ISIS facility.

Epistemic uncertainty quantification in deep learning classification by the Delta method.

The Delta method is a classical procedure for quantifying epistemic uncertainty in statistical models, but its direct application to deep neural networks is prevented by the large number of parameters P. We propose a low cost approximation of the Delta method applicable to L-regularized deep neural networks based on the top K eigenpairs of the Fisher information matrix. We address efficient computation of full-rank approximate eigendecompositions in terms of the exact inverse Hessian, the inverse outer-products of gradients approximation and the so-called Sandwich estimator.

Whole genome copy number analyses reveal a highly aberrant genome in TP53 mutant lung adenocarcinoma tumors.

Background: Genetic alterations are common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and DNA mutations and translocations are targets for therapy. Copy number aberrations occur frequently in NSCLC tumors and may influence gene expression and further alter signaling pathways. In this study we aimed to characterize the genomic architecture of NSCLC tumors and to identify genomic differences between tumors stratified by histology and mutation status.

Spin Frustration in Double Perovskite Oxides and Oxynitrides: Enhanced Frustration in LaMnTaON with a Large Octahedral Rotation.

The B-site sublattice in the double perovskite oxides ABB'O (B: magnetic cation; B': nonmagnetic cation) causes spin frustration, but the relationship between the structure and spin frustration remains unclear although a number of compounds have been studied. The present study systematically investigated AMnB'O ( = 5/2) and found that the frustration factor, defined by = |θ|/ (θ: Weiss temperature; : Néel temperature), scales linearly with the tolerance factor , i.e.

Differential transcript usage in the Parkinson's disease brain.

Studies of differential gene expression have identified several molecular signatures and pathways associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The role of isoform switches and differential transcript usage (DTU) remains, however, unexplored. Here, we report the first genome-wide study of DTU in PD.

A quantum liquid of magnetic octupoles on the pyrochlore lattice.

Spin liquids are highly correlated yet disordered states formed by the entanglement of magnetic dipoles. Theories define such states using gauge fields and deconfined quasiparticle excitations that emerge from a local constraint governing the ground state of a frustrated magnet. For example, the '2-in-2-out' ice rule for dipole moments on a tetrahedron can lead to a quantum spin ice in rare-earth pyrochlores.

Frequent copy number gains of SLC2A3 and ETV1 in testicular embryonal carcinomas.

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) appear as different histological subtypes or mixtures of these. They show similar, multiple DNA copy number changes, where gain of 12p is pathognomonic. However, few high-resolution analyses have been performed and focal DNA copy number changes with corresponding candidate target genes remain poorly described for individual subtypes.

DNA copy number motifs are strong and independent predictors of survival in breast cancer.

Somatic copy number alterations are a frequent sign of genome instability in cancer. A precise characterization of the genome architecture would reveal underlying instability mechanisms and provide an instrument for outcome prediction and treatment guidance. Here we show that the local spatial behavior of copy number profiles conveys important information about this architecture.

Temperature dependence of the(π,0)anomaly in the excitation spectrum of the 2D quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet.

It is well established that in the low-temperature limit, the two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice (2DQHAFSL) exhibits an anomaly in its spectrum at short-wavelengths on the zone-boundary. In the vicinity of thepoint the pole in the one-magnon response exhibits a downward dispersion, is heavily damped and attenuated, giving way to an isotropic continuum of excitations extending to high energies. The origin of the anomaly and the presence of the continuum are of current theoretical interest, with suggestions focused around the idea that the latter evidences the existence of spinons in a two-dimensional system.

Elevated plasma interleukin 6 predicts poor response in patients treated with sunitinib for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type among renal cell carcinomas, and anti-angiogenic treatment is currently first line therapy in metastatic ccRCC (mccRCC). Response rates and duration of response show considerable variation, and adverse events have major influence on patient's quality of life. The need for predictive biomarkers to select those patients most likely to respond to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (rTKI) upfront is urgent.

Role of defects in determining the magnetic ground state of ytterbium titanate.

Pyrochlore systems are ideally suited to the exploration of geometrical frustration in three dimensions, and their rich phenomenology encompasses topological order and fractional excitations. Classical spin ices provide the first context in which it is possible to control emergent magnetic monopoles, and anisotropic exchange leads to even richer behaviour associated with large quantum fluctuations. Whether the magnetic ground state of YbTiO is a quantum spin liquid or a ferromagnetic phase induced by a Higgs transition appears to be sample dependent.

Author Correction: Pan-cancer analysis of homozygous deletions in primary tumours uncovers rare tumour suppressors.

The original version of this Article omitted a declaration from the competing interests statement, which should have included the following: 'K.P.W.

Author Correction: Pan-cancer analysis of homozygous deletions in primary tumours uncovers rare tumour suppressors.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Kevin P. White with Tempus Labs, Inc.

The struggle against perceived negligence. A qualitative study of patients' experiences of adverse events in Norwegian hospitals.

Background: Every year, 14 % of patients in Norwegian hospitals experience adverse events, which often have health-damaging consequences. The government, hospital management and health personnel attempt to minimize such events. Limited research on the first-hand experience of the patients affected is available.

Role of the doping level in localized proton motions in acceptor-doped barium zirconate proton conductors.

Acceptor-doped barium zirconates are currently receiving considerable interest because of their high proton conductivity at intermediate temperatures, making them applicable as electrolytes in various electrochemical devices, but the mechanism of proton conduction is unclear. Here, we investigate the role of the acceptor-dopant level in the localized proton motions, i.e.

Pan-cancer analysis of homozygous deletions in primary tumours uncovers rare tumour suppressors.

Homozygous deletions are rare in cancers and often target tumour suppressor genes. Here, we build a compendium of 2218 primary tumours across 12 human cancer types and systematically screen for homozygous deletions, aiming to identify rare tumour suppressors. Our analysis defines 96 genomic regions recurrently targeted by homozygous deletions.