Bicycle helmets are associated with fewer and less severe head injuries and fewer neurosurgical procedures.

Purpose: This study explores the protective capabilities of bicycle helmets on serious head injury among bicyclists hospitalized in a Norwegian level 1 trauma centre.

Method: Information on helmet use, demographic variables, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and surgical procedure codes was retrieved from the Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry for patients with bicycle-related injuries from 2005 through 2016. Outcomes were serious head injury defined as maximum AIS severity score ≥ 3 in the AIS region Head, any cranial neurosurgical procedure, and 30-day mortality.

Do Bicycle Helmets Protect Against Facial Fractures? An Observational Study From a Level 1 Trauma Centre.

This study investigates the impact of helmet use on the incidence of facial fractures in bicycle accidents. Analyzing data from hospitalized bicyclists between 2005 and 2016, the research focused on the correlation between helmet usage and various facial fractures. The study included 1256 bicyclists with known helmet use, among whom 277 individuals (22%) were identified with a total of 521 facial fractures.

The association between head injury and facial fracture treatment: an observational study of hospitalized bicyclists from a level 1 trauma centre.

Purpose: To compare the types of facial fractures and their treatment in bicyclists admitted to a level 1 trauma centre with major and minor-moderate head injury.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from bicycle-related injuries in the period 2005-2016 extracted from the Oslo University Hospital trauma registry.

Results: A total of 967 bicyclists with head injuries classified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) were included.

Pediatric renal trauma: 17 years of experience at a major Scandinavian trauma center.

Background: Children are at increased risk of renal injuries from blunt trauma due to their anatomic constitution. The kidney is injured in 5-20% of pediatric patients with blunt abdominal trauma. During the last decades, the management of pediatric renal injuries has evolved toward non-operative management (NOM) unless the patient is hemodynamically compromised.

Achieving balanced transfusion early in critically bleeding trauma patients: an observational study exploring the effect of attending trauma surgical presence during resuscitation.

Background: After 15 years of damage control resuscitation (DCR), studies still report high mortality rates for critically bleeding trauma patients. Adherence to massive hemorrhage protocols (MHPs) based on a 1:1:1 ratio of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells (RBCs) as part of DCR has been shown to improve outcomes. We wanted to assess MHP use in the early (6 hours from admission), critical phase of DCR and its impact on mortality.

Facial Fractures and Their Relation to Head and Cervical Spine Injuries in Hospitalized Bicyclists.

Bicyclists are vulnerable road users. The authors aimed to characterise facial fractures and their association with head and neck injuries in bicyclists admitted to a Scandinavian Level 1 trauma center with a catchment area of ~3 million inhabitants. Data from bicycle-related injuries in the period 2005 to 2016 were extracted from the Oslo University Hospital trauma registry.

Close to zero preventable in-hospital deaths in pediatric trauma patients - An observational study from a major Scandinavian trauma center.

Background: In line with international trends, initial treatment of trauma patients has changed substantially over the last two decades. Although trauma is the leading cause of death and disability in children globally, in-hospital pediatric trauma related mortality is expected to be low in a mature trauma system. To evaluate the performance of a major Scandinavian trauma center we assessed treatment strategies and outcomes in all pediatric trauma patients over a 16-year period.

Anatomical distribution of mandibular fractures from severe bicycling accidents: A 12-year experience from a Norwegian level 1 trauma center.

Background/aim: The mandible makes up a substantial part of the lower face, and is susceptible to injury. Even in helmeted cyclists, accidents may lead to fractures of the mandible because conventional helmets provide little protection to the lower part of the face. In addition, some studies indicate that helmets may lead to an increased risk of mandibular fractures.

Pre-injury dispensing of psychoactive prescription drugs in a ten years trauma population: a retrospective registry analysis.

Background: The use of psychoactive prescription drugs is associated with increased risk of traumatic injury, and has negative impact on clinical outcome in trauma patients. Previous studies have focused on specific drugs or subgroups of patients. Our aim was to examine the extent of psychoactive drug dispensing prior to injury in a comprehensive population of trauma patients.

Impact of Preinjury Antithrombotic Therapy on 30-Day Mortality in Older Patients Hospitalized With Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Elderly patients are frequently in need of antithrombotic therapy for reducing thrombotic events. The association between antithrombotic drugs and survival after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is, nevertheless, unclear. This retrospective study included patients ≥65 years admitted to a Norwegian Level 1 trauma center with TBI identified on cerebral computed tomography (cerebral-CT) during 2014-2019.

Prophylactic placement of inferior vena cava filters and the risk of death or venous thromboembolism in severe trauma patients: a retrospective study comparing two hospitals with different approaches.

Background: Prophylactic use of inferior vena cava filters to prevent pulmonary embolism in trauma is controversial. The practice varies between hospitals and countries, in part due to conflicting evidence and guidelines.

Purpose: To compare the effects of pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis and mortality in two hospitals using prophylactic inferior vena cava filter placement or prophylactic anticoagulation alone.

Dentoalveolar injuries, bicycling accidents and helmet use in patients referred to a Norwegian Trauma Centre: A 12-year prospective study.

Background/aim: Despite its many benefits, bicycling carries the risk of accidents. Although numerous studies have reported the effect of helmet use on traumatic brain injury, it remains unclear if, and to what extent, helmet use reduces the risk of facial injuries. This is particularly true in regard to injuries of the lower face.

The number of patients hospitalized with bicycle injuries is increasing - A cry for better road safety.

Introduction: Norwegian authorities encourage people to commute by bicycle to improve public health, decrease rush-hour traffic jams and reduce pollution. However, increasing the number of bicyclists, especially in the rush-hour traffic, may increase the number of serious bicycle injuries.

Objective: To explore trends in hospitalized bicycle injuries at a Norwegian level I trauma centre during the last decade.

Cerebral venous thrombosis in traumatic brain injury: a cause of secondary insults and added mortality.

Objective: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is increasingly recognized in traumatic brain injury (TBI), but its complications and effect on outcome remain undetermined. In this study, the authors characterize the complications and outcome effect of CVT in TBI patients.

Methods: In a retrospective, case-control study of patients included in the Oslo University Hospital trauma registry and radiology registry from 2008 to 2014, the authors identified TBI patients with CVT (cases) and without CVT (controls).

Improvement in geriatric trauma outcomes in an evolving trauma system.

Background: The elderly trauma patient has increased mortality compared with younger patients. During the last 15 years, initial treatment of severely injured patients at Oslo University Hospital Ulleval (OUHU) has changed resulting in overall improved outcomes. Whether this holds true for the elderly trauma population needs exploration and was the aim of the present study.

Treatment-limiting decisions in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in a Norwegian regional trauma center.

Background: Treatment-limiting decisions (TLD) for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) have been sparsely studied. This study determine prevalence, main reason for, categories and timing of TLDs in a Norwegian regional trauma setting.

Methods: A retrospective study of a 2-year cohort of 579 sTBI patients admitted to Oslo University Hospital (OUH).

Reduced need for extraperitoneal pelvic packing for severe pelvic fractures is associated with improved resuscitation strategies.

Background: Extraperitoneal pelvic packing (EPP) was introduced at Oslo University Hospital Ulleval (OUHU) in 1994. Published studies from other institutions have advocated its application as a first-line therapy in lieu of angiography. Extraperitoneal pelvic packing is invasive with a high risk of complications, and its role remains an issue of discussion.

Comparison of risk-adjusted survival in two Scandinavian Level-I trauma centres.

Background: Assessment of trauma-system performance is important for improving the care of injured patients. The aim of the study was to compare risk-adjusted survival in two Scandinavian Level-I trauma centres.

Methods: This was an observational, retrospective study of prospectively-collected trauma registry data for patients >14 years from Karolinska University Hospital - Solna (KUH), Sweden, and Oslo University Hospital - Ullevål (OUH), Norway, from 2009-2011.

Survival predictor for penetrating cardiac injury; a 10-year consecutive cohort from a scandinavian trauma center.

Background: Penetrating cardiac injuries in Europe have been poorly studied. We present a 10-year outcome for patients with penetrating heart injuries at Oslo University Hospital.

Methods: Data from 01.

Abdominal injuries in a major Scandinavian trauma center - performance assessment over an 8 year period.

Introduction: Damage control surgery and damage control resuscitation have reduced mortality in patients with severe abdominal injuries. The shift towards non-operative management in haemodynamically stable patients suffering blunt abdominal trauma has further contributed to the improved results. However, in many countries, low volume of trauma cases and limited exposure to trauma laparotomies constitute a threat to trauma competence.

Sudden survival improvement in critical neurotrauma: An exploratory analysis using a stratified statistical process control technique.

Background: Outcome after trauma depends on patient characteristics, quality of care, and random events. The TRISS model predicts probability of survival (Ps) adjusted for Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), mechanism of injury, and age. Quality of care is often evaluated by calculating the number of "excess" survivors, year by year.

Effects of moving emergency trauma laparotomies from the ED to a dedicated OR.

Introduction: The trauma room at Oslo University Hospital- Ulleval is fully equipped for major damage control procedures, in order to minimize delay to surgery. Since 2006, patients in need of immediate laparotomy have increasingly been transferred to a dedicated trauma operating room (OR). We wanted to determine the decrease in number of procedures performed in the emergency department (ED), the effect on time from admission to laparotomy, the effect on non-therapeutic laparotomies, and finally to determine whether such a change could be undertaken without an increase in mortality.

Comparison of the predictive performance of the BIG, TRISS, and PS09 score in an adult trauma population derived from multiple international trauma registries.

Background: The BIG score (Admission base deficit (B), International normalized ratio (I), and Glasgow Coma Scale (G)) has been shown to predict mortality on admission in pediatric trauma patients. The objective of this study was to assess its performance in predicting mortality in an adult trauma population, and to compare it with the existing Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) and probability of survival (PS09) score.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis using data collected between 2005 and 2010 from seven trauma centers and registries in Europe and the United States of America was performed.

Abbreviated Injury Scale: not a reliable basis for summation of injury severity in trauma facilities?

Background: Injury severity is most frequently classified using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) as a basis for the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the New Injury Severity Score (NISS), which are used for assessment of overall injury severity in the multiply injured patient and in outcome prediction. European trauma registries recommended the AIS 2008 edition, but the levels of inter-rater agreement and reliability of ISS and NISS, associated with its use, have not been reported.

Methods: Nineteen Norwegian AIS-certified trauma registry coders were invited to score 50 real, anonymised patient medical records using AIS 2008.