Essential roles of B cell subsets in the progression of MASLD and HCC.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a significant cause of HCC. Current treatment options for HCC are very limited.

Elucidating the mechanism behind and investigating the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional Tibetan Medicine in combination with standard therapeutics in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma .

In this study, we investigated compounds of plant and mushroom origin belonging to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and to Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM): a sandy beige mushroom Murr, commonly known as Huaier/TCM as well as Ershiwuwei Songshi Wan and Qiwei Honghua Shusheng Wan, which both belong to TTM. We aimed to study the efficacy of TTM and TCM in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) . TCM and TTM were tested either as a monotherapy, or in combination with standard therapeutics: sorafenib for HCC treatment and gemcitabine for CCA.

High-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Spruce and Eucalyptus Lignin as a Perspective Nanoparticle-Based Platform for a Therapy Delivery in Liver Cancer.

The natural polymer, lignin, possesses unique biodegradable and biocompatible properties, making it highly attractive for the generation of nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated spruce and eucalyptus lignin nanoparticles (designated as S-and E-LNPs, respectively). Both LNP types were generated from high-molecular-weight (M ) kraft lignin obtained as insoluble residues after a five-step solvent fractionation approach, which included ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and acetone.

Humoral immune response following prime and boost BNT162b2 vaccination in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.

Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) with low CD4 T-cell counts may be at a higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes and in need of efficient vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends prioritizing PLHIV for COVID-19 vaccination. Data on immune responses after messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination in PLHIV in relation to CD4 counts are scarce.

Polymerization of misfolded Z alpha-1 antitrypsin protein lowers CX3CR1 expression in human PBMCs.

Expression levels of CX3CR1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1) on immune cells have significant importance in maintaining tissue homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. The factors implicated in the regulation of CX3CR1 and its specific ligand CX3CL1 (fractalkine) expression remain largely unknown. Recent studies provide evidence that host's misfolded proteins occurring in the forms of polymers or amyloid fibrils can regulate CX3CR1 expression.

Cancer vaccines and immunotherapeutic approaches in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers.

Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers along with other gastrointestinal malignancies remain the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Strategies developed in the recent years on immunotherapy and cancer vaccines in the setting of primary liver cancer as well as in pancreatic cancer are the scope of this review. Significance of orthotopic and autochthonous animal models which mimic and/or closely reflect human malignancies allowing for a prompt and trustworthy analysis of new therapeutics is underlined.

Safety and efficacy of chemosaturation in patients with primary and secondary liver tumors.

Background: Chemosaturation with percutaneous hepatic perfusion (CS-PHP; hepatic CHEMOSAT delivery system; Delcath Systems Inc, USA) is a novel medical device, which delivers high doses of melphalan directly to the liver in patients with primary and secondary liver tumors while limiting systemic toxicity through hemofiltration of the hepatic venous blood. The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of the second-generation CS-PHP after 54 treatments at Hannover Medical School, Germany.

Methods: Overall response rates (ORR) were assessed according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST1.

α-1-antitrypsin inhibits acute liver failure in mice.

Unlabelled: Acute liver failure remains a critical clinical condition, with high mortality rates, and increased apoptosis of hepatocytes represents a key event in the cause of liver failure. Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is synthesized and secreted mainly by hepatocytes, and plasma purified AAT is used for augmentation therapy in patients with AAT deficiency. Because AAT therapy exerts antiinflammatory and immune modulatory activities in various experimental models, and it was recently suggested that AAT exerts antiapoptotic activities, we aimed to explore whether administration of AAT may represent a therapeutic strategy to treat acute liver failure in mice.