Probing the interaction of zero valent iron nanoparticles with blood system by biophysical, docking, cellular, and molecular studies.

Human exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) is inevitable as NPs become more widely applied and, as a result, nanotoxicology study is now gaining attention. Herein, the interaction of zero valent iron NPs (ZVFe-NPs) with human hemoglobin (Hb) was evaluated using a variety of techniques including fluorescence spectroscopy, far circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy as well as docking study. Also, the cytotoxicity of ZVFe-NPs on the human lymphocyte cell line as a model of blood system cell line was investigated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR assays.