Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Narrownose Smooth-Hound Shark Springer, 1939.

Southern Brazil is home to a large biodiversity of elasmobranchs from the Brazilian coast. Several genera and species of small sharks of the Triakidae family live in this marine environment. Studies on these shark species are scarce, with few genetic data and little information on animal population structures.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV): Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical findings in domestic cats (Felis catus) from southern Brazil.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus affecting domestic cats worldwide and causing immunosuppression and reduced quality of life. The prevalence of FIV infection varies according to geographic regions / countries and it is associated with domestic cat health managements (vaccination, neutering, basic health care, etc.).

Evolution and genomic profile of serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum isolates from Brazil.

subspecies serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum ( Pullorum) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes Pullorum disease (PD). PD is an acute systemic disease that affects young chickens, causing white diarrhea and high mortality. Although many sanitary programs have been carried out to eradicate Pullorum, PD outbreaks have been reported in different types of birds (layers, broilers, breeders) worldwide.

Epidemiological Insights into Feline Leukemia Virus Infections in an Urban Cat () Population from Brazil.

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus distributed worldwide in domestic cats and with different outcomes (progressive, regressive, abortive, focal). The present study reports an epidemiological survey of FeLV frequency and the evaluation of some risk factors and the two main disease outcomes (progressive and regressive) in an urban cat population from Brazil. A total of 366 cats with sociodemographic information and p27 FeLV antigen test performed were included in the study.

Evolution and Epidemic Spread of the Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) GI-23 in Brazil.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogen affecting poultry flocks worldwide. GI-23 is an IBV lineage with a rapid spread into different continents of the world, and it was reported for the first time in South American/Brazilian broiler farms last year. This study aimed to investigate the recent introduction and epidemic spread of IBV GI-23 in Brazil.

Canine Parvovirus 2 in Free-Living Wild Mammals from Southern Brazil.

Pathogens from domestic canines represent a significant and constant threat to wildlife. This study looked for four common canine pathogens, Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, Leishmania infantum, and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) in mammals from the Pampa Biome, southern Brazil. Animals killed by vehicular trauma on a road traversing this biome were evaluated over a 1-yr period.

Avian Reoviruses in Poultry Farms from Brazil.

Avian reovirus (ARV) is highly disseminated in commercial Brazilian poultry farms, causing arthritis/tenosynovitis, runting-stunting syndrome, and malabsorption syndrome in different meat- and egg-type birds (breeders, broilers, grillers, and layers). In Brazil, ARV infection was first described in broilers in the 1970s but was not considered an important poultry health problem for decades. A more concerning outcome of field infections has been observed in recent years, including condemnations at slaughterhouses because of the unsightly appearance of chicken body parts, mainly the legs.

Emergence and molecular characterization of the avian infectious bronchitis virus GI-23 in commercial broiler farms from South America.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the etiological agent of a highly contagious disease in the poultry industry. The spike protein (S1 subunit) is responsible for the molecular diversity of the virus and many genetic types, and lineages are described worldwide. IBV genetic type I-strain 23 (GI-23) has spread across different continents (including Asia, Europe and Africa), causing multiple outbreaks and severe economic losses throughout the poultry industry in the last decade.

Emergence, Dissemination and Antimicrobial Resistance of the Main Poultry-Associated Serovars in Brazil.

infects poultry, and it is also a human foodborne pathogen. This bacterial genus is classified into several serovars/lineages, some of them showing high antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The ease of transmission in farms, slaughterhouses, and eggs industries has made controlling it a real challenge in the poultry-production chains.

Polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting lic13162, lic20239, and lipL32 genes for leptospirosis diagnosis.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic species of Leptospira. Due to the similarity with clinical signs of other febrile diseases, early diagnosis remains challenging. Real-time PCR has been used for direct detection of Leptospira, but it requires thermocyclers and highly trained personnel.

Molecular detection of respiratory coinfections in pig herds with enzootic pneumonia: a survey in Brazil.

is the primary etiologic agent of swine enzootic pneumonia (EP), in which the immune response is reduced, making pigs susceptible to secondary infections. We surveyed commercial pig herds in Brazil for viral and bacterial respiratory coinfections that could complicate EP. Over a 2-y period (2015-2016), we found that 854 of 2,206 pigs (38.

Recent Evolution and Genomic Profile of Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Isolates from Poultry Flocks in Brazil.

Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg is isolated from poultry-producing regions around the world. In Brazil, Heidelberg has been frequently detected in poultry flocks, slaughterhouses, and chicken meat. The goal of the present study was to assess the population structure, recent temporal evolution, and some important genetic characteristics of Heidelberg isolated from Brazilian poultry farms.

Retrospective whole-genome comparison of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from foodborne outbreaks in Southern Brazil.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is frequently isolated from animal-source foods associated with human salmonellosis outbreaks. This serovar was spread to animal (mainly poultry) farms worldwide in the 1980s, and it is still detected in foods produced in many countries, including Brazil. The present study reports a retrospective genome-wide comparison of S.

Dissemination and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the early pandemic phase in South America.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic spread rapidly and this scenario is concerning in South America, mainly in Brazil with more than seven million cases of infection. Three major pandemic lineages/clades could be identified along with SARS-CoV-2 dissemination (G, GR, and GH) in the Americas. These clades differ according to their genomic characteristics, virulence, and spreading times.

Genomic Characterization of Minnesota Clonal Lineages Associated with Poultry Production in Brazil.

serotype Minnesota has been increasingly detected in Brazilian poultry farms and food products (chicken meat, eggs) in recent years. In addition, Minnesota isolates from poultry are generally resistant to several antibiotics and persistent in farm environments. The present study aimed to assess phylogenomic diversity of .

Genotypic characterization and molecular evolution of avian reovirus in poultry flocks from Brazil.

Avian reovirus (ARV) is one of the main causes of infectious arthritis/tenosynovitis and malabsorption syndrome (MAS) in poultry. ARVs have been disseminated in Brazilian poultry flocks in the last years. This study aimed to genotype ARVs and to evaluate the molecular evolution of the more frequent ARV lineages detected in Brazilian poultry-producing farms.

Clonality of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine farms from Brazil.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes enzootic pneumonia (EP) in swine, a disease related to high economic losses in production systems. Epidemiological spread of M. hyopneumoniae clones was studied by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) in several swine production regions but so far not in South America.

Salmonella serotype assignment by sequencing analysis of intergenic regions of ribosomal RNA operons.

Salmonella laboratorial detection is usually carried out by bacteriological culture and serological methods. Salmonella isolates are then classified into more than 2,650 serotypes with different somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigenic combinations. More recently, DNA analysis methods were developed and applied for the identification of Salmonella serotypes, including intergenic spacer regions (ISRs) that separates DNA-encoding ribosomal subunits (rRNA gene) in Salmonella genomes.

Phylodynamic analyses of Brazilian antigenic variants of infectious bursal disease virus.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a very important pathogen to poultry production and it is classified into three main groups: classical virulent (cvIBDV), very virulent (vvIBDV) and antigenic variants (avIBDV). This last group is composed by five different genetic lineages (recently classified in genogroups G2, G4, G5, G6, and G7) distributed in specific regions around the world. Brazil is one of the biggest poultry producers in the world and the present study aimed to investigate the evolutionary history of avIBDVs of the genogroup G4 in Brazil.

Salmonella isolates from urine cultures: serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in hospital settings.

This study investigated the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in urine cultures from 38 hospitalized patients. Nine serotypes were detected, and a large proportion was Typhimurium and Enteritidis. The strains presented resistance to 11 different antibiotics.

Prognostic utility of circulating nucleic acids in acute brain injuries.

Acute brain injuries represent major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nevertheless, therapeutic options are centered mainly on supportive care, and accurate prognosis prediction following traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke remains a challenge in clinical settings. Areas covered: Circulating DNA and RNA have shown potential as predictive molecules in acute brain injuries.

Increasing prevalence and dissemination of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella serotype Typhimurium with multidrug resistance in hospitalized patients from southern Brazil.

Introduction: Nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes are the main cause of human food-borne infection, including several hospitalization cases in the developing countries.

Aim: To detect the main serotypes and to characterize the antibiotic resistance of human non-enteric and enteric nontyphoidal Salmonella from clinical isolates in Brazil.

Methods: Salmonella serotypes were identified by microbiological and molecular methods.

Pathological and molecular findings of avian reoviruses from clinical cases of tenosynovitis in poultry flocks from Brazil.

Avian reoviruses (ARVs) can infect a variety of species worldwide. Birds can present stunting syndrome, respiratory and/or enteric diseases, immunosuppression, malabsorption, viral arthritis/tenosynovitis, and even secondary infections by other microorganisms. Flaws in conventional vaccines and the increase in the diagnostic rate of disease in the last 5 yr suggest the emergence of pathogenic ARVs in the poultry flocks worldwide.

Identification of enteric viruses circulating in a dog population with low vaccine coverage.

Although the use of vaccines has controlled enteric diseases in dogs in many developed countries, vaccine coverage is still under optimal situation in Brazil. There is a large population of nonimmunized dogs and few studies about the identification of the viruses associated with diarrhea. To address this situation, stool samples from 325 dogs were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of common enteric viruses such as Canine adenovirus (CAdV), Canine coronavirus (CCoV), Canine distemper virus (CDV), Canine rotavirus (CRV) and Carnivorous protoparvovirus 1 (canine parvovirus 2; CPV-2).

Phylodynamic analysis and molecular diversity of the avian infectious bronchitis virus of chickens in Brazil.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the etiological agent of a highly contagious disease, which results in severe economic losses to the poultry industry. The spike protein (S1 subunit) is responsible for the molecular diversity of the virus and many sero/genotypes are described around the world. Recently a new standardized classification of the IBV molecular diversity was conducted, based on phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene sequences sampled worldwide.