The Effect of Intraarticular Insulin on Chondral Defect Repair.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intraarticular insulin on the treatment of chondral defects.

Design: Twenty-four mature New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups as control (Group 1), microfracture (Group 2), and microfracture and insulin (Group 3). Four-millimeter full-thickness cartilage defects were created to the weight-bearing surface on the medial femoral condyles of each rabbit.

Investigation of Factors Affecting Apathy in Three Major Types of Dementia.

Introducion: Apathy is an important factor in the clinical management of dementia, as it has been associated with poor disease outcome, reduced daily functioning and caregiver distress. Considering apathy as a problem that needs to be managed and knowing the factors affecting apathy will enable appropriate initiatives to be planned. This study was conducted to compare apathy across three types of dementia and determine the factors affecting apathy for each of the three types of dementia.

Evoked and induced EEG oscillations to visual targets reveal a differential pattern of change along the spectrum of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's Disease.

In recent years, quantitative variables derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG) attract an increasing interest for the evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases, as EEG registers the neuro-electric activity with a high temporal resolution and provides a cost-effective and easily accessible, non-invasive method. Event-related oscillations (EROs) as oscillatory responses in the EEG to specific events further provide the possibility to track the cognitive decline in a task-specific manner. Current study in search for potential ERO biomarkers to distinguish different stages of cognitive decline along the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) continuum re-analyzed a combined set of data collected and analyzed in previous studies by Başar and coworkers.

Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus.

Here, we report genome-wide data analyses from 110 ancient Near Eastern individuals spanning the Late Neolithic to Late Bronze Age, a period characterized by intense interregional interactions for the Near East. We find that 6 millennium BCE populations of North/Central Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus shared mixed ancestry on a genetic cline that formed during the Neolithic between Western Anatolia and regions in today's Southern Caucasus/Zagros. During the Late Chalcolithic and/or the Early Bronze Age, more than half of the Northern Levantine gene pool was replaced, while in the rest of Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus, we document genetic continuity with only transient gene flow.

Selective in vitro and in silico enzymes inhibitory activities of phenolic acids and flavonoids of food plants: Relations with oxidative stress.

In this study, the inhibitory potentials of food originated 34 phenolic acids, and flavonoid compounds were screened against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, urease, and tyrosinase enzymes. All compounds included in this study exhibited high antioxidant activity with an ignorable cytotoxic activity. In general, they also showed poor anti-urease and anti-tyrosinase activities.

Reduction of hepatorenal and pancreatic damage by extract in STZ induced diabetic rats.

The therapeutic potential and antioxidant capacity of extract (FE) in the liver, kidney and pancreas of rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) was assessed using biochemistry, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Forty adult Wistar albino male rats were divided randomly into five groups of eight rats each. The normal control (NC) group was untreated.

Abnormalities in auditory and visual cognitive processes are differentiated with theta responses in patients with Parkinson's disease with and without dementia.

The research on the abnormalities of event-related oscillations in Parkinson's disease (PD) was mostly studied with cognitively normal patients. The present study aims to show the adverse effects of cognitive decline in PD patients via the EEG-Brain Oscillations approach by comparing the electrophysiological responses in two modalities, i.e.

Comparison of epidural and intravenous route for acute and chronic postoperative pain control in patients with gynecological malignancy.

Objectives: This study compared the effects of patient-controlled epidural and intravenous analgesia on acute and chronic postoperative pain in patients who were operated on for gynecological malignancy.

Methods: Postoperatively, patient-controlled analgesia was administered via epidural route to Group 1 and the intravenous route to Group 2. Pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in the acute phase at postoperative 24 hours and at 6 months in the chronic phase.

A comparison of resting state EEG and structural MRI for classifying Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, accounting for 70% of cases worldwide. By 2050, dementia prevalence will have tripled, with most new cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a stage between healthy aging and dementia, marked by cognitive deficits that do not impair daily living.

Abnormal cortical neural synchronization mechanisms in quiet wakefulness are related to motor deficits, cognitive symptoms, and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease patients: an electroencephalographic study.

Compared with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) shows peculiar clinical manifestations related to vigilance (i.e., executive cognitive deficits and visual hallucinations) that may be reflected in resting-state electroencephalographic rhythms.

Sacral insufficiency fractures after lumbosacral arthrodesis: salvage lumbopelvic fixation and a proposed management algorithm.

Objective: Sacral insufficiency fracture after lumbosacral (LS) arthrodesis is an uncommon complication. The objective of this study was to report the authors' operative experience managing this complication, review pertinent literature, and propose a treatment algorithm.

Methods: The authors analyzed consecutive adult patients treated at their institution from 2009 to 2018.

Assessment of Hidden Hearing Loss in Normal Hearing Individuals with and Without Tinnitus.

Objectives: To evaluate the functions of cochlear structures and the distal part of auditory nerve as well as dead regions within the cochlea in individuals with normal hearing with or without tinnitus by using electrophysiological tests.

Materials And Methods: Nine individuals (ages: 21-59 years) with normal hearing with tinnitus were included in the study group. Thirteen individuals (ages: 25-60 years) with normal hearing without tinnitus were included in the control group.

Trace Element Analysis by ICP-MS and Chemometric Approach in Some Species: Potential to become a Biomonitor.

In this study, the branch, leaves, flowers, roots and mixed parts of different nine species were analyzed for their trace element contents by using ICP-MS. The samples were digested by concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a microwave by ICP-MS before the analysis. The accuracy and precision of the method was evaluated by CRM 1573a Tomato Leaves.

Daily Practice of Mechanical Ventilation and Weaning in Turkish PICUs: A Multicenter Prospective Survey.

Objectives: To investigate conventional mechanical ventilation weaning characteristics of patients requiring conventional mechanical ventilation support for greater than 48 hours within the PICU.

Design: The prospective observational multicenter cohort study was conducted at 15 hospitals. Data were being collected from November 2013 to June 2014, with two designated researchers from each center responsible for follow-up and data entry.

Brain-predicted age difference score is related to specific cognitive functions: a multi-site replication analysis.

Brain-predicted age difference scores are calculated by subtracting chronological age from 'brain' age, which is estimated using neuroimaging data. Positive scores reflect accelerated ageing and are associated with increased mortality risk and poorer physical function. To date, however, the relationship between brain-predicted age difference scores and specific cognitive functions has not been systematically examined using appropriate statistical methods.

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation as a Rescue Therapy in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Objectives: To describe experience with airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) in children with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refractory to conventional low tidal volume ventilation.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed in an 11-bed, level 3 pediatric intensive care unit. Evaluation was made of 30 pediatric patients receiving airway pressure release ventilation as rescue therapy for severe ARDS.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Pasireotide in Patients With Acromegaly Inadequately Controlled With First-Generation Somatostatin Analogs.

Acromegaly is a rare, serious endocrine disorder characterized by excess growth hormone (GH) secretion by a pituitary adenoma and overproduction of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Transsphenoidal surgery is the treatment of choice, although many patients require additional interventions. First-generation somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are the current standard of medical therapy; however, not all patients achieve control of GH and IGF-I.

Predicting workplace loneliness in the nursing profession.

Aim: This study examined a model investigating how social interaction variables (leader-member exchange (interactions between managers and nurses), trust, and communication frequency) and work meaningfulness influence nurses' experiences of workplace loneliness.

Background: As workplace loneliness can result in lower job satisfaction and a decrease in workers' health, understanding the contributing factors to loneliness at work is important.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, Turkish nurses (N = 864) completed self-report scales measuring social exchange between leaders and members, trust in leaders, communication frequency, work meaningfulness, and loneliness.

Long-Term Results in Transcanalicular Laser and External Dacryocystorhinostomy.

Objectives: This study was an examination of the long-term results of transcanalicular laser (TCL) and external (EX) dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).

Methods: Patients who had undergone TCL-DCR or EX-DCR between 2009 and 2013 were invited for long-term follow-up in 2019. All of the patients who responded had an ophthalmic examination and were assessed using lacrimal irrigation.

Increased survival rate in extension stemmed TKA in obese patients at minimum 2 years follow-up.

Purpose: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is frequently performed for obese patients. TKA in this population shows a high rate of complication, particularly tibial component loosening. The aim of this study is to compare the survival rate of tibial components in obese population using TKA with stem versus without stem.

A Detailed Biological and Chemical Investigation of Sixteen Achillea Species' Essential Oils via Chemometric Approach.

Representatives of the Achillea genus are widely used as foods or nutraceuticals. Considering the increasing demand for herbal dietary supplements with health promoting effects, the objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils obtained from sixteen Achillea species (A. biebersteinii, A.

A rare case of acute mechanical intestinal obstruction: Colonic endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a disease seen in women at reproductive age, characterized by extrauterine localization of endometrial tissue. Colonic endometriosis rarely causes acute mechanical intestinal obstruction (AMIO). It may also be presented with pelvic pain, dyspareunia, tenesmus, painful defecation related to the menstrual cycle.

The association of choroidal thickness with rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide in rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose: To measure ocular vascular parameters in rheumatoid arthritis patients and compare with those of controls and to evaluate the association of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody with the choroidal thickness.

Methods: Superficial foveal vessel density, superficial and deep foveal avascular zone area, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were measured using the swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the correlation of subfoveal choroidal thickness with serological markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult revision surgery of prior hook-and-rod wire instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with spinal fusion may develop adjacent segment disease and curve progression into adulthood. Revision operations can be challenging, especially for adult patients treated with outdated instrumentation such as sublaminar hooks and/or wires. The authors demonstrate revision lumbar spine surgery in a 38-year-old female with scoliosis progression from junctional degeneration below a prior T5-L3 posterior instrumented arthrodesis with a hook-and-rod wire system.