Conformational coupling between extracellular and transmembrane domains modulates holo-adhesion GPCR function.

Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors (aGPCRs) are key cell-adhesion molecules involved in numerous physiological functions. aGPCRs have large multi-domain extracellular regions (ECRs) containing a conserved GAIN domain that precedes their seven-pass transmembrane domain (7TM). Ligand binding and mechanical force applied on the ECR regulate receptor function.

Clinical and Metabolic Characteristics and Follow-Up Results of Adrenal Incidentalomas: A 10-Year Experience.

Objective: In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the clinical, hormonal, and radiological characteristics of patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AIs), to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components in patients with AIs, and to determine whether changes in tumor size or hormonal activity occur during long-term follow-up in patients with AIs.

Methods:  We retrospectively analyzed data from 384 patients diagnosed with AI between 2010 and 2020. Data regarding radiological, hormonal, and metabolic investigations in diagnosis and also during follow-ups were collected.

Healthcare-associated infections in patients with COVID-19: is it different from the pre-pandemic period?

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and may cause devastating consequences. However, the prevalence of HAI and its effects on in-hospital mortality among critically ill COVID-19 patients is ambiguous. We determined the prevalence of HAI and the rate of mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients and compared it with pre-pandemic ICU patients.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Fibrosis Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated at Internal Medicine Clinics: Türkiye DAHUDER Awareness of Fatty Liver Disease (TR-DAFLD) Study.

This awareness study aimed to determine the ultrasound (US) examination rates in relation to US-confirmed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) diagnosis in internal medicine outpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) across Türkiye. A total of 6283 T2D patients were included in this multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted at 17 internal medicine clinics across Türkiye. The presence and indications for US performed within the last 3 years were recorded along with US-confirmed MAFLD rates, laboratory findings on the day of US, and referral rates.

The Kinematics of 3D Arm Movements in Sub-Acute Stroke: Impaired Inter-Joint Coordination is Attributable to Both Weakness and Flexor Synergy Intrusion.

Background: It has long been of interest to characterize the components of the motor abnormality in the arm after stroke. One approach has been to decompose the hemiparesis phenotype into negative signs, such as weakness, and positive signs, such as intrusion of synergies. We sought to identify the contributions of weakness and flexor synergy to motor deficits in sub-acute stroke.

Prognostic significance of the chemerin level in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Increased serum chemerin levels have been reported in several inflammatory diseases. Few studies have investigated the relationship between chemerin and clinical features of COVID-19. Thus, chemerin may modulate the development and progression of COVID-19.

Structural analysis and conformational dynamics of a holo-adhesion GPCR reveal interplay between extracellular and transmembrane domains.

Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors (aGPCRs) are key cell-adhesion molecules involved in numerous physiological functions. aGPCRs have large multi-domain extracellular regions (ECR) containing a conserved GAIN domain that precedes their seven-pass transmembrane domain (7TM). Ligand binding and mechanical force applied on the ECR regulate receptor function.

Structure of the extracellular region of the adhesion GPCR CELSR1 reveals a compact module which regulates G protein-coupling.

Cadherin EGF Laminin G seven-pass G-type receptors (CELSRs or ADGRCs) are conserved adhesion G protein-coupled receptors which are essential for animal development. CELSRs have extracellular regions (ECRs) containing 23 adhesion domains which couple adhesion to intracellular signaling. However, molecular-level insight into CELSR function is sparsely available.

Examining the effect of COVID-19 vaccines on the menstrual cycle: A study from Turkey.

Concerns about a possible relationship between vaccination against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and menstrual disorders have been raised in the media. In addition, different studies have shown that the COVID-19 vaccine may be associated with menstrual changes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of COVID-19 vaccines on the menstrual cycle in women.

Rab7a activation promotes degradation of select tight junction proteins at the blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke.

The stability of tight junctions (TJs) between endothelial cells (ECs) is essential to maintain blood-brain barrier (BBB) function in the healthy brain. Following ischemic stroke, TJ strand dismantlement due to protein degradation leads to BBB dysfunction, yet the mechanisms driving this process are poorly understood. Here, we show that endothelial-specific ablation of Rab7a, a small GTPase that regulates endolysosomal protein degradation, reduces stroke-induced TJ strand disassembly resulting in decreased paracellular BBB permeability and improved neuronal outcomes.

The adhesion GPCRs CELSR1-3 and LPHN3 engage G proteins via distinct activation mechanisms.

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are a large GPCR class that direct diverse fundamental biological processes. One prominent mechanism for aGPCR agonism involves autoproteolytic cleavage, which generates an activating, membrane-proximal tethered agonist (TA). How universal this mechanism is for all aGPCRs is unclear.

The structure of fly Teneurin-m reveals an asymmetric self-assembly that allows expansion into zippers.

Teneurins are conserved cell adhesion molecules essential for embryogenesis and neural development in animals. Key to teneurin function is the ability of its extracellular region to form homophilic interactions in cis and/or in trans. However, our molecular understanding of teneurin homophilic interaction remains largely incomplete.

The adhesion GPCRs CELSR1-3 and LPHN3 engage G proteins via distinct activation mechanisms.

Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are a large GPCR class that direct diverse fundamental biological processes. One prominent mechanism for aGPCR agonism involves autoproteolytic cleavage, which generates an activating, membrane-proximal tethered agonist (TA). How universal this mechanism is for all aGPCRs is unclear.

The effect of thrombosis-related laboratory values on mortality in COVID-19 infection.

Objective: COVID-19 may cause thrombosis in both venous and arterial systems. Familiarity with the signs and symptoms of thrombosis and its treatment is essential in treating COVID-19 infection and its complications. D-Dimer and mean platelet volume (MPV) are measurements related to the development of thrombosis.

Isoform- and ligand-specific modulation of the adhesion GPCR ADGRL3/Latrophilin3 by a synthetic binder.

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are cell-surface proteins with large extracellular regions that bind to multiple ligands to regulate key biological functions including neurodevelopment and organogenesis. Modulating a single function of a specific aGPCR isoform while affecting no other function and no other receptor is not trivial. Here, we engineered an antibody, termed LK30, that binds to the extracellular region of the aGPCR ADGRL3, and specifically acts as an agonist for ADGRL3 but not for its isoform, ADGRL1.

Predictors of disease severity, clinical course, and therapeutic outcome in COVID-19 patients: our experience with 1,700 patients.

Objective: Our study aimed at investigating the impacts of demographic, hematological, and biochemical factors on the clinical course and the prognostic outcome in adult COVID-19 patients.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study was performed in the internal medicine departments of two hospitals, and data were extracted from the medical files of 1,700 adult COVID-19 patients (836 females, 49.2%; 864 males, 50.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken a significant toll on people worldwide, and in particular, on the health care workers (HCWs) who have worked on the frontlines in the fight against the pandemic. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related factors in HCWs in the era of COVID-19.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted between September 15, and October 15, 2020, among HCWs in Turkey.

What does epileptic nystagmus show us in cases presenting acute neurological symptoms?

Purpose: This study aims to determine the clinical significance of epileptic nystagmus in patients with acute neurological symptoms.

Method: The clinical findings of patients with documented epileptic nystagmus, their original video and EEG data, and cranial imaging and laboratory tests were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: 20 patients were included in the study and 21 epileptic nystagmus attacks were determined from patients' clinical and video-EEG recordings.

Predictors of mortality in COVID-19 induced acute kidney injury.

Background: We aimed to investigate the predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19-induced acute kidney injury (COV-AKI).

Methods: We enrolled 803 patients who developed COV-AKI. The patients were divided into two groups: survivors and nonsurvivors.

Retinol Depletion in COVID-19.

Background And Aims: COVID-19 has been a devastating pandemic. There are indications that vitamin A is depleted during infections. Vitamin A is important in development and immune homeostasis.

Vim-Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Cervical Dystonia and Upper-Limb Tremor: Quantification by Markerless-3D Kinematics and Accelerometry.

Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for dystonia is usually targeted to the globus pallidus internus (GPi), though stimulation of the ventral-intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim) can be an effective treatment for phasic components of dystonia including tremor. We report on a patient who developed a syndrome of bilateral upper limb postural and action tremor and progressive cervical dystonia with both phasic and tonic components which were responsive to Vim DBS. We characterize and quantify this effect using markerless-3D-kinematics combined with accelerometry.

The relationship between CEA and CA 15-3 positivity and metabolic and volumetric 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters in preoperative evaluation of breast cancer.

Objective: We aimed to examine the relationship between tumor marker (Cancer Antigen 15-3 [CA15-3] and Carcinoembryonic Antigen [CEA]) positivity and metabolic (standardized uptake value [SUV]) and volume-based (metabolic tumor volume [MTV] and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) parameters of the primary tumor and lymph node.

Material And Methods: Our study group consisted of 91 female patients, who underwent PET/CT between January 2018 and December 2019 in our clinic with a diagnosis of breast cancer. These patients had no distant metastasis or supraclavicular and internal mammarian lymph node metastasis.

The effect of empagliflozin on P wave peak time and other P wave parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background: Empagliflozin is a selective SGLT2 inhibitor and provides a significant reduction in hospitalizations in heart failure patients and a reduction in combined cardiovascular deaths regardless of diabetes. The mechanisms of favorable effects remain unclear. Improvement in left ventricular diastolic function and a decrease in filling pressure are any mechanisms of positive effects.