[Control center team in interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy].

The topic of this article is the team in interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy (IMPT) in the context of the development of the team concept. The starting points are historical developments, both social and scientific. After World War II numerous war victims continued to suffer from persistent pain.

[Psychosocial factors in pain and pain management : A statement].

Although psychosocial factors have a profound impact on the experience of pain and pain recovery, the transfer to clinical application has so far been insufficient. With this article, a task force of the special interest group "Psychosocial Aspects of Pain" of the German Pain Society (Deutsche Schmerzgesellschaft e. V.

[The judgment of the Federal Social Court on the involvement of psychological psychotherapists in interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy : A critical comment].

In the context of their offer of interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy (day-patient and inpatient), hospitals repeatedly have to contend with strict detailed checks of the procedure codes (OPS 8-918.xx; 8-91c) by health insurers and the medical service. The necessity of day-patient or inpatient treatment in the respective sector, documented therapy components, and the qualifications of the therapists are regularly reviewed.

[Validation of the German-language version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) in five outpatient clinics].

Introduction: Occupational and social rehabilitation can be influenced by perceived injustice that results from pain. Currently, the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), the tool most commonly used to assess perceived injustice, is not available in German. The aim of this study was the validation of the German-language version of the IEQ.

[German transcultural translation of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire].

Background: Occupational and social rehabilitation is influenced by perceived injustice as a result of injury. To assess perceived injustice, the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) has been developed and is available in English. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the English version of the IEQ into German.

[Chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors (F45.41) : Validation criteria on operationalization of the ICD-10-GM diagnosis].

In 2009 the diagnosis chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors (F45.41) was integrated into the German version of the International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD-10-GM). In 2010 Paul Nilges and Winfried Rief published operationalization criteria for this diagnosis.

[Structure of pain management facilities in Germany : Classification of medical and psychological pain treatment services-Consensus of the Joint Commission of the Professional Societies and Organizations for Quality in Pain Medicine].

On behalf of the Medical/Psychological Pain Associations, Pain Patients Alliance and the Professional Association of Pain Physicians and Psychologists, the Joint Commission of Professional Societies and Organizations for Quality in Pain Medicine, working in close collaboration with the respective presidents, has developed verifiable structural and process-related criteria for the classification of medical and psychological pain treatment facilities in Germany. Based on the established system of graded care in Germany and on existing qualifications, these criteria also argue for the introduction of a basic qualification in pain medicine. In addition to the first-ever comprehensive description of psychological pain facilities, the criteria presented can be used to classify five different levels of pain facilities, from basic pain management facilities, to specialized institutions, to the Centre for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine.

[Psychological approaches to pain in Germany. Review and outlook].

Pain perception is a complex experience that entails somatic and psychological factors. This is especially true for chronic pain where increasing chronicity leads to a growing significance of psychological factors such as learning and memory processes or cognitive evaluation at the expense of nociceptive processes. Hardly any other area of health-related research and health care has such an interdisciplinary organization of research, treatment, and education.

[Depression, anxiety and stress scales: DASS--A screening procedure not only for pain patients].

Background: The assessment of mental distress is a central aspect in pain research and treatment. Particularly for depression the comorbidity with pain poses methodological and conceptual challenges. This study examined the psychometric properties of the short version of the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS), used in both pain research and treatment and constructed to overcome the particular problems by omitting somatic items and concentrating on the psychological core aspects of depression, anxiety and stress.

German Language Adaptation of the Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale (HMSE-G) and Development of a New Short Form (HMSE-G-SF).

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a German version of French and colleagues' Headache Management Self-efficacy Scale and to construct an abbreviated form for use in behavioral headache research. Furthermore, the contribution of headache-specific self-efficacy to pain-related disability in German chronic headache sufferers was examined.

Background: Headache-specific self-efficacy refers to an individuals' confidence that they can engage in behaviors to either prevent headache episodes or to manage headache-related pain and disability.

Electrochemistry for biofuel generation: transformation of fatty acids and triglycerides to diesel-like olefin/ether mixtures and olefins.

Electroorganic synthesis can be exploited for the production of biofuels from fatty acids and triglycerides. With Coulomb efficiencies (CE) of up to 50 %, the electrochemical decarboxylation of fatty acids in methanolic and ethanolic solutions leads to the formation of diesel-like olefin/ether mixtures. Triglycerides can be directly converted in aqueous solutions by using sonoelectrochemistry, with olefins as the main products (with a CE of more than 20 %).

[Behavioral concepts in the treatment of chronic pain].

In recent decades there has been much work on cognitive behavioral approaches to chronic pain. Now there is a considerable variety of concepts and interventions which share the same roots but differ in theoretical issues and application. Psychotherapeutic interventions are ideally embedded into an interdisciplinary setting and base on a bio-psycho-social perspective.

[Clinical management of masticatory muscle pain: an update of the recommendations].

Besides the different forms of odontalgia, myalgias of the masticatory muscles are the most frequent noninfectious complaints in the orofacial region. After summarizing the recommendations set forth by the Interdisciplinary Working Group of Orofacial Pain within the German Chapter of the IASP (German Pain Society), we present the current state of knowledge regarding the etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic options, based on an extensive literature search. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the database of the Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift.

[Recommendations on classification of German pain treatment services].

On behalf of the German chapter of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) recommendations for German pain treatment services have been developed for the first time. The criteria were based on the IASP recommendations but adapted to the specific German situation. According to the structure and process criteria four different levels of pain treatment services can be distinguished.

Subcritical water as reaction environment: fundamentals of hydrothermal biomass transformation.

Subcritical water, that is, water above the boiling and below critical point, is a unique and sustainable reaction medium. Based on its solvent properties, in combination with the often considerable intrinsic water content of natural biomass, it is often considered as a potential solvent for biomass processing. Current knowledge on biomass transformation in subcritical water is, however, still rather scattered without providing a consistent picture.

Chronic pain acceptance and affective well-being: a coping perspective.

This study examined the relationship between chronic pain acceptance and affective well-being from a coping perspective. One hundred-fifty patients from a multidisciplinary pain centre provided self-report data including measures of pain acceptance, positive and negative affect, and accommodative flexibility. The bivariate and multiple correlation patterns were consistent with the assumption that pain willingness (the attitudinal component of pain acceptance including the recognition of the uncontrollability of pain) primarily reduces negative affect, whereas activity engagement (the behavioural component of pain acceptance including the pursuit of life activities despite pain) additionally produces positive affect.

[F45.41: chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors : a coding aid].

In 2009, the German version of ICD-10 (ICD-10 GM version 2009) introduced the diagnosis of "chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors", because current ICD-10 diagnoses did not address the biopsychosocial character of chronic pain adequately. For most patients, a dichotomous classification into psychologically versus biomedically caused pain is inappropriate and does not reflect current knowledge on pain. The new code F45.

Causal symptom attributions in somatoform disorder and chronic pain.

Objective: Somatoform disorders (SFD) are defined by symptoms that lack medical explanation. This study examined the type and pattern of patients' causal attributions using a new semistructured interview technique

Methods: The Causal Attributions Interview allows to assess and weigh 15 common explanations of physical symptoms. Attributions given by 79 patients with SFD were compared with those obtained from 187 chronic pain patients.

[Suggestion for a classification of odontalgias].

Background: Toothache prevalence in the overall population is considerable. However, for clinical purposes, the classification schemes available do not appear to be sufficiently sophisticated. Moreover, not all known forms of dental pain are considered.

Redefining (somatoform) pain disorder in ICD-10: a compromise of different interest groups in Germany.

Purpose Of Review: Pain is one of the most frequent reasons to visit health professionals. Many patients suffering from chronic pain conditions not only need medical treatment but also psychiatric or psychological interventions. This additional treatment need should be underlined using an ICD section F diagnosis.