The use of artificial intelligence tools in cancer detection compared to the traditional diagnostic imaging methods: An overview of the systematic reviews.

Background And Purpose: In comparison to conventional medical imaging diagnostic modalities, the aim of this overview article is to analyze the accuracy of the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in the identification and diagnosis of malignant tumors in adult patients.

Data Sources: The acronym PIRDs was used and a comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Embase, Scielo, EBSCOhost, and grey literature through Proquest, Google Scholar, and JSTOR for systematic reviews of AI as a diagnostic model and/or detection tool for any cancer type in adult patients, compared to the traditional diagnostic radiographic imaging model. There were no limits on publishing status, publication time, or language.

Fractal dimension analysis on CBCT scans for detecting low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the fractal dimension (FD) measured at 2 bone sites (second cervical vertebra and mandible) on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The research question was whether FD could serve as an accessory tool to refer postmenopausal women for densitometric analysis. Therefore, the reliability and accuracy of FD were evaluated.

The role of teledentistry in oral cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative literature review.

Objectives: This integrative review aimed to assess the benefits of the use of teledentistry for patients undergoing treatment of oral and head and neck cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: We searched in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Embase, Open Grey, Google Scholar, and Jstor databases for studies referring to the management, control, and assistance, through teledentistry, to patients with oral and head and neck cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: We found 356 references in the databases, 209 after duplicates removal, 23 met criteria for full-text reading, and 11 studies were included for qualitative synthesis, in four categories: virtual visits, use of remote technology, patient's satisfaction, multidisciplinary approach in teledentistry.

A new cone-beam computed tomography-driven index for osteoporosis prediction.

Objective: To verify whether mandibular cortical analyses accurately distinguish postmenopausal women with normal bone mineral density (BMD) from women with osteoporosis by means of a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-driven composite osteoporosis index (three-dimensional mandibular osteoporosis index-3D MOI).

Material And Methods: The comparison was performed between 52 women with normal BMD and 51 women with osteoporosis according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examination of the lumbar spine and hip. Mandibular cortical width (MCW) and cortical quality were evaluated on cross-sectional and panoramic reconstructed images.

A Conservative Approach for Localized Spongiotic Gingivitis Hyperplasia Using Photodynamic Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

To describe a clinical case of successful conservative management of Localized Juvenile Spongiotic Gingivitis Hyperplasia (LJSGH) using photodynamic therapy (PDT) and reviews the current literature on this pathology. LJSGH is a recently described rare disease with controversial treatment results. As of today, 13 publications report surgical treatment approaches.

A Conservative Approach for Localized Spongiotic Gingivitis Hyperplasia Using Photodynamic Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Objective: To describe a clinical case of successful conservative management of Localized Juvenile Spongiotic Gingivitis Hyperplasia (LJSGH) using photodynamic therapy (PDT) and reviews the current literature on this pathology.

Background Data: LJSGH is a recently described rare disease with controversial treatment results. As of today, 13 publications report surgical treatment approaches.

Effectiveness of E-Learning in Oral Radiology Education: A Systematic Review.

E-learning has been used recently in dental curricula to support traditional learning methods. However, the published literature concerning e-learning in oral radiology has shown mixed conclusions. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a synthesis of the effectiveness of e-learning in oral radiology education when compared with traditional classroom learning methods.

Effectiveness of FDG-PET/CT for evaluating early response to induction chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review.

Background: F-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) may be a powerful tool to predict treatment outcome. We aimed to review the effectiveness of F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of early response to induction chemotherapy (IC) in patients with advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC) without previous treatment.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Web of Science were searched to May 2016.

Chamomile infusion cryotherapy to prevent oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy: a pilot study.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare cryotherapy made only with water and cryotherapy made with chamomile infusion for prevention and reduction of intensity of oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin.

Method: This is a randomized pilot study with two groups: cryotherapy made only with water (control group, n = 18) and cryotherapy made with chamomile infusion (chamomile group, n = 20). Both groups were instructed to swish the ice around in their oral cavity for at least 30 min during chemotherapy.

Dental panoramic indices and fractal dimension measurements in osteogenesis imperfecta children under pamidronate treatment.

Objectives: To verify radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension (FD) in dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of children with different types of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and also to verify the effect of pamidronate (PAM) treatment in such panoramic analyses.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 197 DPRs of 62 children with OI Types I, III and IV who were in treatment with a comparable dosage of intravenous PAM were selected. The mandibular cortical width (MCW), mandibular cortical index, visual estimation of the cortical width and FD of three standardized trabecular and cortical mandibular regions of interest were obtained from the radiographs.

Imaging findings of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a critical review of the quantitative studies.

Objectives. This paper offers a critical review of published information on the imaging strategies used for diagnosing bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in patients taking intravenous bisphosphonates, pointing at the different methodologies and results of existing literature. Methods.

Fractal dimension and mandibular cortical width in normal and osteoporotic men and women.

Objective: To verify whether fractal dimensions (FD) on the mandibular trabecular and cortical bone and mandibular cortical width (MCW) differ between patients with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis.

Study Design: In this retrospective study, 133 dental panoramic radiographs from men aged >60 years and postmenopausal women with a bone densitometry report of the lumbar spine and hip classified as either normal or osteoporotic were selected. Fractal dimensions of five standardized trabecular and cortical mandibular regions of interest and mandibular cortical width were measured on the panoramic radiographs by an experienced oral radiologist, blinded to the densitometric diagnosis.

Cone-beam computed tomography and microtomography for alveolar bone measurements.

Purpose: To compare cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and microtomography (micro-CT) for alveolar bone measurements.

Methods: Forty teeth and alveolar bone blocks of five pigs were scanned on a micro-CT with a 9.05 μm pixel size, and on a CBCT device at 0.

Cytological diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis: a report of four cases.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a common deep mycosis in South America caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus. Biopsy is the most frequent diagnostic method. The aim of this article is reporting four cases of PCM, in which intraoral involvement simulated squamous-cell carcinoma and was diagnosed by exfoliative cytology.

Oral manifestations of hyperoxaluria.

Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare, inherited autosomal recessive disease caused by defects in the metabolism of glyoxylate. Oral manifestations of hyperoxaluria are rare. However, bone and tooth resorption may be the result of chronic inflammation and the presence of osteoclastic cells surrounding the oxalate crystal deposit.

Macroscopic and microscopic effects of GaAIAs diode laser and dexamethasone therapies on oral mucositis induced by fluorouracil in rats.

Purpose: To present an animal model for mucositis induced by fluorouracil in rats, and test two therapeutic options, the GaAIAs laser and topical dexamethasone, analysing them with regard to the quality and quantity of tissue alterations and comparing them with the phases of mucositis.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five Wistar rats (250 g) were treated with fluorouracil (60 mg/kg) and, in order to mimic the clinical effect of chronic irritation, the palatal mucosa was irritated by superficial scratching with an 18-gauge needle. When all of the rats presented oral ulcers of mucositis, they were randomly allocated to one of three groups: group I was treated with laser (GaAIAs), group II was treated with topical dexamethasone, and group III was not treated.