Heterocyclization of Bis(2-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)sulfide in Hydrazine Hydrate-KOH: Synthesis of Thiophene and Pyrrole Derivatives.

The article is devoted to heterocyclization of bis(2-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)sulfide which proceeds in hydrazine hydrate-alkali medium and leads to formation of thiophene and pyrrole derivatives: previously described 4,5,9,10-tetrahydrocycloocta[1,2-c;5,8-c']dithiophene, as well as unknown hydrazone of 5-methylidene-3-methyldihydrothiophen-2-one and 1-amino-2-(propynylsulfanylpropenylsulfanyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrole. Tentative mechanisms for the formation of the heterocyclic products are discussed. Obtained hydrazone of 5-methylidene-3-methyldihydrothiophen-2-one was used for the synthesis of a range of azine derivatives and in oxidation process with SeO.

Newborn Screening for Cystic Fibrosis in Russia: A Catalyst for Improved Care.

In order to assess the effectiveness of the detection of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by screening compared with diagnoses based on clinical manifestations, the data of the National CF Patient Registry (NCFPR) from the year 2012 (group I: children aged 6-9 years, diagnosed prior to the start of screening) were compared with the data in the NCFPR from the year 2015 (group II: children 6-9 years after the start of screening) for CF patients from the Moscow region. Homozygotes for c.1521_1523delCTT (F508del) were separately compared in both groups.

Nonlinear diffusion in multicomponent liquid solutions.

Mutual diffusion in multicomponent liquids is studied. It is taken into consideration that the influence of complex formation on the diffusion process may be substantial. The theory is applied to analyze mass transfer in an acetone-chloroform solution.

Effects of fullerene C60 nanocomposites on human platelet aggregation.

The effects of fullerene C(60) nanocomposites on human platelet aggregation induced by ADP, ristocetin, and collagen were studied. The nanocomposite containing fullerene C(60) in polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution did not change platelet aggregation, while fullerene C(60) in crown ether and Twin-80 solutions inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 20 and 30%, respectively.

[A role of cytokines in the regulation of an immune response and the mechanisms of β-cell death in different variants of the course of typ 1 diabetes mellitus].

In recent years, in molecular biology there has been a shift in priorities towards deciphering the mechanisms of realization of genetic information. As a result, research has come to the fore regarding the transmission of signals between cells and within each cell.

[The epidemiology of the infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus in the USSR].

The existing system of the epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection in the USSR makes it possible to evaluate the present situation as the beginning of epidemic. The main routes of the transfer of HIV infection as per data for April 1989: 50% by the sexual route, 25.8% by parenteral manipulations.

[Determination of the optimal method of numerical taxonomy].

A great number of numeric taxonomy methods, varying in the techniques of coding signs, similarity calculations and group analysis, as well as the insufficiency of criteria for the evaluation of numeric taxonomy methods, permitted us to propose the quantitative approach to the evaluation of the optimum method of numeric taxonomy. The dendrograms obtained by different methods were compared by calculating the measure of "proximity" which was assumed to be the sum of distances between divisions on different grouping levels.

[Rapid immunoenzyme analysis].

A variant of the immunoenzyme assay, reducing the duration of the assay procedure by 3 hours in comparison with the standard technique, is presented. This rapid variant is sufficiently sensitive and reproducible.

[Optimal inoculation doses of meningococcal chemical polyvalent ABC-vaccine for immunizing children of different ages. II. A study of the immunological effectiveness of different doses of the preparation].

The study of meningococcal chemical polyvalent ABC-vaccine, manufactured by the Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera (Moscow), was carried out with the aim of finding the optimum vaccination doses for the immunization of children aged 0.5-15 years. In this study the effectiveness of the vaccine was evaluated by the determination of the titers of specific bactericidal antibodies in paired serum samples obtained before and 30 days after immunization.

[Use of a BCG vaccine from a Soviet substrain for the immunotherapy of tumors caused by SA7 (C8) virus].

The oncolytic and immunotherapeutic effect of the national BCG vaccine with respect to undifferentiated sarcoma of hamster induced by the highly oncogenic adenovirus of green monkeys SA7(C8) was studied. Preliminary data on significant positive effect of the vaccine inoculated before tumor formation were obtained. A single inoculation of the vaccine into tumors did not result in tumor regression in any of the cases.

Allomonads - a new group of microorganisms of the Vibrionaceae family.

A total of 24 strains of microorganisms with basic marks relating them to the family of Vibrionaceae were isolated from human faeces, liquid sewage and waters of surface reservoirs contaminated with sewage. The study of biological, cultural and biochemical characteristics, determination of phenotypic similarity according to Adanson-Sneath, investigation of DNA composition and extent of DNA hybridization by the methods of gene taxonomy induced us to establish taxonomic independence of the discovered strains at the level of the genus Allomonas gen. nov.

[Optimal inoculation doses of meningococcal chemical polyvalent ABC vaccine for immunizing children of various ages and adolescents. I. Safety and reactogenicity of different dosages of the preparation].

The investigation was carried out to study the safety and reactogenicity of meningococcal chemical polyvalent (ABC) vaccine with the aim of finding the optimum vaccination doses of this vaccine for the immunization of children of different age groups. The investigation, carried out in accordance with the methodological principles of a strictly controlled epidemiological field trial, showed the preparation to be safe, nonreactogenic and to produce no pronounced sensitizing effect.

[Calculation of trends in typhoid morbidity in different regions of the country].

The relationship linearity criterion and its derivatives were used in processing the mass of official statistical data on typhoid morbidity throughout the whole territory of the USSR and in the union republics during the period 1950-1976. In the majority of the union republics (the RSFSR, the Ukrainian, Byelorussian, Georgian, Armenian, Moldavian, Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian SSR) the time course of typhoid morbidity was found to have a linear character and could be adequately described by the exponential function. The calculation of the average rate of annual decrease in typhoid morbidity in the above-mentioned union republics and the extrapolation of the tendencies of morbidity decrease for the last 20 years indicated that the morbidity level in the USSR would decrease by 6.

[Allomonads, a new group of microorganisms of the Vibrionaceae family. III. Taxonomic analysis of the similarities between allomonads and other genera of the family].

24 strains of Gram-negative bacilli with the polar location of flagellae, oxidase positive, releasing no gas in the process of glucose fermentation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the High-Leifson test, belonging to the family Vibrionaceae, were isolated from the feces of healthy persons, polluted water and sewage. Analysis by the method of numerical taxonomy revealed that these strains were essentially different from all other members of this family, and 19 of them formed a sharply defined group on the S-0,85 level, tentatively named Allomonas enterica comb. nov.

[Characteristics of the seasonal distribution of typhoid fever cases in different areas of the USSR].

The results of the monthly registration of typhoid cases in all union republics and in the USSR as a whole for the period of 1970--1976 were analyzed. The mathematical parameters of the monthyly distribution of morbidity rate under the influence of long-term factors for each union republic were determined. In analyzing actual morbidity rates for definite years these data may help determine to what extent such rates are influenced by incidental factors.

[Analysis of the trends in typhoid-paratyphoid morbidity in the USSR].

Mathematico-statistical analysis of typhoid-paratyphoid infection morbidity in the USSR during 1900--1940 revealed a regular many-year cyclic recurrence of the changes in the morbidity level. The intensity of the morbidity level reduction at the periods of decline--in 1900--1917, 1920--1928, and in 1932--1939--was similar. A successive reduction of morbidity of this group of infections, by 6.

[Analysis of the dynamics of typho-paratyphoid infection morbidity over the years in the USSR].

Statistical materials of recording the number of patients and of the typhoid-paratyphoid infections morbidity level in Russia and the USSR from 1891 to 1976 was studied. A stable tendency to reduction of this morbidity was noted. In analysing the empirical and flattened--by 3 and 5 points--curves of the number of patients and the morbidity level a regularity of declining morbidity rises was revealed.

[Taxonomic subdivision of salmonellae].

Elaboration of an objective approach to the classification of salmonellae by the biochemical characteristics is of great theoretical and practical interest. The authors carried out a taxonomic analysis of 966 salmonellae and 241 arizonae by 26 biochemical signs. Similarity between all the couples was estimated on the computer M-220; group analysis was carried out by 3 methods with the successive reduction of the group level by 2%.

[Analysis of a group of Corynebacterium by numerical taxonomic methods].

Strains (29) of Corynebacterium genus were studied with the use of the method of numerical taxonomy. 48 characteristics (including morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical ones) were analyzed. All the strains tested proved to belong to the same taxon.