Oscillating Laser Post-Processing of NiCrCoFeCBSi/WC Thermally Sprayed Coatings.

In the present experimental study, the transverse oscillating laser beam technique was applied for the post-melting of metal matrix composite coatings, thermally sprayed with nickel-based self-fluxing NiCrCoFeCBSi alloy and 40 wt.% WC, to improve their hardness and wear resistance. The study was conducted using the single module optical fiber laser at 300 W power, >9554 W/cm2 power density, 250−1000 mm/min laser speed, 1 mm and 2 mm transverse oscillation amplitude.

Effect of Laser Processing Parameters on Microstructure, Hardness and Tribology of NiCrCoFeCBSi/WC Coatings.

In the present study, pulsed laser post-processing was applied to improve the properties of the thermally sprayed NiCrCoFeCBSi/40 wt.% WC coatings. The powder mix was deposited onto a mild steel substrate by flame spray method and then the as-sprayed coatings were processed by Nd:YAG laser.

[Surgical treatment of mega aorta syndrome: a single-center experience].

Objective: To present our experience in the treatment of severe patients with mega aorta syndrome.

Material And Methods: There were 49 patients with mega aorta syndrome for the period from May 2015 to March 2021. All patients underwent total aortic replacement from sinotubular junction (with staged aortic root repair, if necessary) to abdominal aorta bifurcation.

[Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA): The informative value of autoantibodies].

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies (autoAbs) associated with the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) in the Russian Federation.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 96 patients (46 women and 50 men) with LADA were examined. All the patients underwent an immunological examination including the determination of autoAbs, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase autoAbs (GADA), islet antigen-2 auto-Abs (IA-2A), islet cell cytoplasmic auto-Abs (ICA), zinc transporter 8 auto-Abs (ZnT8A), and insulin auto-Abs (IAA).

[Nozological Heterogeneity, Molecular Genetics and Immunology of Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus].

Article is devoted to the review of literature data, and also the analysis of results of own researches concerning genetics, molecular genetics and immunological violations at various forms of the autoimmune diabetes (DM) including classical T1DM, LADA type and an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome of 1 type (APS1). In case of T1DM more than 80% of patients are carriers of one or two strongest predisposing haplotypes: DRB1*04-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 and DRB1*03-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 designated as DQ2 and DQ8. HLA genes can model a clinical features of disease.

[Intercurrent and autoimmune processes in type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of autoantibodies pathognomonic for autoimmune diseases of connective tissue and liver in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and to study their clinical features in patients positive for these indicators.

Material And Methods: A total of 84 patients (39 men and 45 women) with DM1 divided into 2 groups were examined. Biochemical, immunological, and instrumental examinations were performed.

Development of experimental tumors formed by mouse and human embryonic stem and teratocarcinoma cells after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal transplantations into immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice.

Pluripotent stem cells represent an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine. However, the risk of teratoma formation after transplantation restricts their clinical application. Therefore, to adequately evaluate the potential risk of tumorigenicity after cell transplantation into human tissues, effective animal transplantation assays need to be developed.

[Comparative study of clonal growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells from rat fetal liver at different developmental stages].

Fetal liver during period of its hematopoietic activity contains mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) that are known to play a major role in establishing hematopoietic microenvironment. These cells are capable of clonal growing and multilineage differentiation, but only limited data exist about changes in their properties during prenatal development. We compared cloning efficiency of MSC from liver of 14, 16 and 20 day rat fetuses and evaluated their potentials to in vitro osteo- and adipogenesis and in vivo chondrogenesis after whole organ ectopic transplantation.

[Regulation of in vitro and in vivo differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells, and teratocarcinoma cells by TGFb family signaling factors].

The activity of specific signaling and transcription factors determines the cell fate in normal development and in tumor transformation. The transcriptional profiles of gene-components of different branches of TGFbeta family signaling pathways were studied in experimental models of initial stages of three-dimensional in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells and teratocarcinoma cells and in teratomas and teratocarcinomas developed after their transplantation into immunodeficient Nude mice. Gene profile analysis of studied cell systems have revealed that expression patterns of ActivinA, Nodal, Lefty1, Lefty2, TGF TGFbeta1, BMP4, and GDF were identical in pluripotent stem cells whereas the mRNAs of all examined genes with the exception of Inhibin betaA/ActivinA were detected in the teratocarcinoma cells.

[Biochemical markers of bone formation in hemodialysis and after allotransplantation of cadaveric kidney].

Aim: To ascertain informative value of estimation of bone forming markers in patients on chronic hemodyalisis (CHD) and recipients of cadaveric kidney (CK).

Material And Methods: Parathyroid hormone (PTH), beta-crosslaps (CTX), osteocalcin (OC), amino-terminal procollagen propeptide 1 (PINP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), bone mineral density (BMD) were determined in 152 patients on CHD (89 males and 63 females aged 49 +/- 13 years) and 195 CK recipients (106 males and 89 females aged 42 +/- 12 years) 30 +/- 38 months after kidney transplantation.

Results: PTH, CTX and BAP determination specifies skeletal disease (secondary hyperparathyroidism or adynamic bone disease) in CHD patients.

[Analysis of sensitivity of stromal stem cells (CFU-f) from rat bone marrow and fetal liver to 5-fluorouracil].

The sensitivity of stromal stem cells (CFU-f) from rat bone marrow and fetal liver to the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was compared in vivo and in vitro. Cells from both tissues demonstrated a similar resistance to 5-FU in vitro; however, stromal stem cells from fetal liver proved notably more sensitive to 5-FU compared to marrow CFU-f in vivo. Cells forming colonies of different size were identified in stem cell populations from both tissues.

[The plasma level of an inactive moiety of B-type natriuretic peptide precursor as a predictor of cardiac function during operations under extracorporeal circulation].

Ventricular cardiomyocytes secrete brain natriuretuc peptide (BNP) and an inactive moiety of its precursor (nt-proBNP). It is recommended the blood level of the latter should be monitored to ascertain the severity of myocardial lesion. This investigation was undertaken to study the diagnostic and prognostic value of a substantial increase in blood nt-proBNP levels (600 pg/ml or more) in patients operated on under extracorporeal circulation.

[Diabetes mellitus-associated genetic syndromes: Wolfram's syndrome].

Wolfram syndrome - a progressive neurodegenerative disease that combines nonautoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy.

[Idiopathic diabetes].

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic metabolic) diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both of these factors (WHO, 1999). In the last etiological classification (WHO, 1999), 4 clinical types of diabetes mellitus are distinguished: type 1, type 2, other types (infections, genetic disorders, etc.) and gestational diabetes.

Differentiation of embryonic stem cells after transplantation into peritoneal cavity of irradiated mice and expression of specific germ cell genes in pluripotent cells.

Permanent embryonic stem cell lines (ES cells) are considered as one of the most promising cellular sources for regenerative medicine. ES cells have a high proliferative potency and ability to differentiate into all kinds of somatic and germ cells. However, transplantation of undifferentiated ES cells into adult recipient tissue results in the formation of teratomas.

[Differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells in peritoneal cavity of irradiated mice].

We studied the behavior and differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells of R1 mice in vivo. Undifferentiated embryonic stem cells and differentiating embryoid bodies grafted in abdominal cavity of the irradiated mice were shown to form tumors with derivatives of all germinal layers. Cells of the embryoid bodies form tumors two weeks after the grafting, while the undifferentiated embryonic stem cells form tumors only by week three.

[Hematopoiesis on cellulose acetate membranes in the presence of lipopolysaccharides].

The formation of hemopoietic colonies on acetate cellulose membranes in the peritoneal cavity of mice was markedly enhanced after the injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. In addition to granulocytic-macrophagal differentiation, the foci of erythropoiesis appeared. The stimulating effect of lipopolysaccharide was not expressed in nonirradiated mice and during the formation of hemopoietic foci on acetate cellulose membranes in the subcutaneous connective tissue.

Studies on clonogenic hemopoietic cells of vertebrate in space: problems and perspectives.

Hemopoietic tissues were studied in vertebrates launched aboard the Soviet (Russian) biosatellites ("Cosmos-1129, 1514, 1667, 1887 and 2044"; "Bion-10 and 11") between 1980 and 1996. In the bone marrow of rats exposed to spaceflight conditions, a statistically significant decrease in cell number was revealed in the progenitor cell compartment accounting for the compensatory response of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-gm) and erythrocyte lineages (BFU-e and CFU-e) and in the compartment of multipotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-s), which is responsible for the permanent renewal of hemopoietic tissue. The number of stromal fibroblastic progenitors (CFC-f) in the bone marrow of these rats was also reduced.

[Hemopoiesis on stromal sublayers formed by constant lines of fibroblasts].

We studied the formation of hemopoietic colonies on an artificial sublayer in the peritoneal cavity of mice under the influence of stromal sublayers consisting of fibroblasts of six constant cell limes. All studied lines of stromal cells supported the formation of granulocytic foci and some of them supported the formation of erythroid foci as well. It was shown that hemopoiesis was preserved or, in some cases, enhanced on sublayers of fixed (metabolically inactive) cells.

[A study of hemopoiesis on a sublayer of peritoneal cells in the presence of hemopoietic cytokines].

We studied the effects of erythropoietin and thrombopoietin on the clonogenic capacity and direction of differentiation of the hemopoietic cells that form colonies on acetate cellulose membrane in the peritoneal cavity of mice. An increased level of erythropoietin in the blood of recipient mice after blood letting led to the appearance of erythroid colonies upon transplantation of syngeneic hemopoietic cells but did not affect the differentiation of transplanted xenogeneic (guinea pig) hemopoietic cells. Erythropoietin transported top the stromal sublayer by a polymeric carrier also induced erythroid differentiation, while thrombopoietin transported in a similar way somewhat enhanced megakaryocytopoiesis.

[Seven cases with angioid retinal strips].

Seven patients with angioid strips of the retina are described. In 5 patients angioid strips were concomitant with Darier's elastic pseudoxanthoma. In 3 the disease was hereditary (2 sisters and a daughter of one of them).

[Use of the copolymer ethylenevinylacetate for studying the effect of hemopoietic cytokines].

Copolymer ethylenevinylacetate is known as a polymeric carrier, which ensures a lasting release of biologically active substances. An attempt has been made to use it for testing the effects of hemopoietic cytokinins. It was shown that erythropoietin, embedded in this polymer, induces formation of erythropoietic foci on acetate-cellulose membranes in the peritoneal cavity of mice.

[Experimental research on the cellular interactions during hemopoiesis].

We present a review of experimental studies performed at the Laboratory of Histogenesis of the Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, on the problem of cell interactions during hemopoiesis. Special attention has been given to original experimental models, such as production of hemopoietic foci on underlayers of fibroblasts encapsulating a foreign body in the peritoneal cavity of rodents (after intraperitoneal transplantation of hemopoietic cells) and repopulation of ectopic hemopoietic territories under the kidney capsule of mice by syngeneic or xenogeneic hemopoietic cells. We describe the competitive interactions of genetically different hemopoietic cells after the transplantation of their mixtures to irradiated mice (multicomponent radiation chimeras).

Blood and clonogenic hemopoietic cells of newts after the space flight.

Ribbed newts were used for studying the effect of space flight on board of the biosatellite (Cosmos-2229) on blood and clonogenic hemopoietic cells. In blood of newts of the flight group, the relative proportion of neutrophils increased, whereas that of lymphocytes and eosinophils decreased. Space flight did not result in loss of the ability of newt blood cells to incorporate H3-thymidine.