Semaglutide-induced weight loss improves mitochondrial energy efficiency in skeletal muscle.

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (e.g. semaglutide) potently induce weight loss and thereby reducing obesity-related complications.

Cardiolipin deficiency disrupts CoQ redox state and induces steatohepatitis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a progressive disorder marked by lipid accumulation, leading to steatohepatitis (MASH). A key feature of the transition to MASH involves oxidative stress resulting from defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here, we show that pathological alterations in the lipid composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) directly instigate electron transfer inefficiency to promote oxidative stress.

Evaluation of Production and Economic Performance of Farmed Carp Using Small Lake-Commercial Fish Farms System in Southeastern Kazakhstan.

The objective of changing the simple exploitation of fish stocks to highly efficient fish farms in lakes and reservoirs is to improve the productivity of inland freshwater fish. The small- and medium-sized lakes can be used to increase the production of farmed fish with lake management. Therefore, this study proposed to investigate the production and economic efficiency of carp in lake commercial fish farms.

Location and function of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 in ventricular myocytes.

Transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) protein is abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes. While TRPC1 is supposed to be critically involved in cardiac hypertrophy, its physiological role in cardiomyocytes is poorly understood. We investigated the subcellular location of TRPC1 and its contribution to Ca signaling in mammalian ventricular myocytes.

A new look at classical inequalities involving Banach lattice norms.

Some classical inequalities are known also in a more general form of Banach lattice norms and/or in continuous forms (i.e., for 'continuous' many functions are involved instead of finite many as in the classical situation).

Origin and Spread of HIV-1 Subtype B Among Heterosexual Individuals in Bulgaria.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was originally introduced in Bulgaria through heterosexual transmission (HET) and later transferred to other vulnerable groups along with numerous more recent introductions from outside Bulgaria. To define the diversity, origins, and dynamics of the HIV-1 subtypes prevalent in HET population in Bulgaria, we applied phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses using polymerase (pol) sequences from HET individuals to infer the spatiotemporal evolutionary history of the HIV-1 epidemic in this population in Bulgaria. High genetic diversity was found, including 13 different HIV-1 subtypes: 45.

LEM2 recruits CHMP7 for ESCRT-mediated nuclear envelope closure in fission yeast and human cells.

Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport III (ESCRT-III) proteins have been implicated in sealing the nuclear envelope in mammals, spindle pole body dynamics in fission yeast, and surveillance of defective nuclear pore complexes in budding yeast. Here, we report that Lem2p (LEM2), a member of the LEM (Lap2-Emerin-Man1) family of inner nuclear membrane proteins, and the ESCRT-II/ESCRT-III hybrid protein Cmp7p (CHMP7), work together to recruit additional ESCRT-III proteins to holes in the nuclear membrane. In , deletion of the ATPase leads to severe defects in nuclear morphology and integrity.

[POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANID HYDROCHLORIDE (BIGUANELLE) THERAPY OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS].

Unlabelled: The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of local therapy with polyhexamethylene biguanid hydrochloride (BIGUANELLE) in women with anaerobic vaginal infection.

Material And Methods: We include in our study 23 women (18-50) with established by AMSEL criteria bacterial vaginosis. In all of the women at the beginning and at the end of the survey was performed gynecological examination and microbiological research (AMSEL).

Intracellular lumen formation in Drosophila proceeds via a novel subcellular compartment.

Cellular tubes have diverse morphologies, including multicellular, unicellular and subcellular architectures. Subcellular tubes are found prominently within the vertebrate vasculature, the insect breathing system and the nematode excretory apparatus, but how such tubes form is poorly understood. To characterize the cellular mechanisms of subcellular tube formation, we have refined methods of high pressure freezing/freeze substitution to prepare Drosophila larvae for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis.

Exocyst-mediated membrane trafficking is required for branch outgrowth in Drosophila tracheal terminal cells.

Branching morphogenesis, the process by which cells or tissues generate tree-like networks that function to increase surface area or in contacting multiple targets, is a common developmental motif in multicellular organisms. We use Drosophila tracheal terminal cells, a component of the insect respiratory system, to investigate branching morphogenesis that occurs at the single cell level. Here, we show that the exocyst, a conserved protein complex that facilitates docking and tethering of vesicles at the plasma membrane, is required for terminal cell branch outgrowth.

Non-pharmacological methods in the treatment of resistant hypertension.

Introduction: Arterial hypertension is the most common chronic cardiovascular disease affecting about 25% of the adult population. Meta-analyses have demonstrated a linear relationship between blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular events. Resistant hypertension defined as failure to reach blood pressure targets despite treatment with three antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic represents a serious clinical problem.

Drosophila Zpr1 (Zinc finger protein 1) is required downstream of both EGFR and FGFR signaling in tracheal subcellular lumen formation.

The cellular and molecular cues involved in creating branched tubular networks that transport liquids or gases throughout an organism are not well understood. To identify factors required in branching and lumen formation of Drosophila tracheal terminal cells, a model for branched tubular networks, we performed a forward genetic-mosaic screen to isolate mutations affecting these processes. From this screen, we have identified the first Drosophila mutation in the gene Zpr1 (Zinc finger protein 1) by the inability of Zpr1-mutant terminal cells to form functional, gas-filled lumens.

Approaches for ultrafast imaging of transient materials processes in the transmission electron microscope.

The growing field of ultrafast materials science, aimed at exploring short-lived transient processes in materials on the microsecond to femtosecond timescales, has spawned the development of time-resolved, in situ techniques in electron microscopy capable of capturing these events. This article gives a brief overview of two principal approaches that have emerged in the past decade: the stroboscopic ultrafast electron microscope and the nanosecond-time-resolved single-shot instrument. The high time resolution is garnered through the use of advanced pulsed laser systems and a pump-probe experimental platforms using laser-driven photoemission processes to generate time-correlated electron probe pulses synchronized with laser-driven events in the specimen.

Characterization of Si nanocrystals by different TEM-based techniques.

Silicon nanocrystals (Si-nc) embedded in SiO(2) matrix and obtained by ion implantation (50keV, 1.0x10(17)Si/cm(2)) were characterized by means of three different transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques: Dark Field (DF), Scanning TEM Annular Dark Field (STEM-ADF) and Z contrast. The strengths and weaknesses of each technique for the characterization of the Si-nc were evaluated and discussed.

Polarization reflection holographic gratings in azobenzene-containing gelatine films.

We have written polarization reflection holograms in an azobenzene-containing material. Two waves with circular polarization were used to record the gratings; the light resulting from their overlap induces chirality in the samples. The holographic reflection of the polarization gratings has the properties of Bragg reflection in cholesteric liquid crystals.

Spectral Stokesmeter. 1. Implementation of the device.

We describe a spectral Stokesmeter: a device for fast simultaneous measurement of the four Stokes parameters of light. It consists of an original optical part, a four-channel scanning optoelectronic system, and a controlling computer system. The original optical scheme was first proposed by us.

Bifocal-polarization holographic lens.

We present a holographic lens with novel features recorded in an azopolymer film. Two holographic modulations, bulk birefringence and surface relief, are induced in the medium at the same time. The resultant holographic element has two focal planes, and the polarization of light in the focal points depends on the polarization of the incident light.

A novel membrane-anchored Rab5 interacting protein required for homotypic endosome fusion.

The ras-related GTPase rab5 is rate-limiting for homotypic early endosome fusion. We used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify a rab5 interacting protein, rab5ip. The cDNA sequence encodes a ubiquitous 75-kDa protein with an N-terminal transmembrane domain (TM), a central coiled-coil structure, and a C-terminal region homologous to several centrosome-associated proteins.

Conformationally variable Rab protein surface regions mapped by limited proteolysis and homology modelling.

Tryptic proteolysis of the small GTPases Rab4 and Rab5 is a multi-step, nucleotide-dependent process. Using N-terminal peptide sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight MS and molecular modelling, we identified the three initial sites of proteolysis in Rab5 as Arg-4, Arg-81 and Arg-197. Arg-4 and Arg-81 lie within regions previously implicated in Rab5 endocytic function, and Arg-197 lies in a region involved in membrane targeting.

Polarization holographic gratings in side-chain azobenzene polyesters with linear and circular photoanisotropy.

We investigate thin phase polarization holographic gratings recorded with two waves with orthogonal linear polarizations in materials in which illumination with linearly/circularly polarized light gives rise to linear/circular birefringence. The theoretical analysis shows that the presence of circular photoanisot-ropy changes significantly the diffraction characteristics of the gratings. The intensities of the waves diffracted in the +1 and -1 orders of diffraction and their ratio depend substantially on the reconstructing-wave polarization.

Functional and structural interactions of the Rab5 D136N mutant with xanthine nucleotides.

Rab5 is a Ras-related GTPase which regulates endosomal fusion. The D136N mutant of Rab5, which was predicted to switch specificity from guanine to xanthine nucleotides, was expressed in E. coli, extracted with urea, purified by column chromatography, and refolded by stepwise dialysis against buffer containing XDP.

[The assessment of arsenic exposure in copper smelting].

The arsenic exposure in the main departments and occupational groups of the copper smelter in Pirdop has been estimated in the present study. The contents of arsenic is measured in the air and in biological samples--urine and nails. At most of the workplaces the time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations do not exceed the threshold limit value (0.

Photoinduced anisotropy: new photopolarimetric setup for real-time measurements.

We describe an experimental set up that measures material optical anisotropy and its eventual evolution in real time. The setup is based on a new photopolarimeter that measures the four Stokes parameters of quasi-monochromatic light quickly and simultaneously. The photoinduced anisotropy in the material optical constants is determined from the measured Stokes parameters.