Emerging phenotypes of sarcoidosis based on 18F-FDG PET/CT: a hierarchical cluster analysis.

: In sarcoidosis, the definition of organ involvement with traditional means appears laborious and somewhat controversial, and phenotyping by the above overlapping. F-FDG PET/CT defines disease extent by activity more precisely, and may result in a better understanding of sarcoidosis disease behavior and phenotypes expression. We hypothesized that F-FDG PET/CT could add in the phenotyping of sarcoidosis patients by unveiling in detail sites of involvement even in clinically and physiologically silent disease.

18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis:Quantifying Inflammation by the TLG index.

: In sarcoidosis progressive pulmonary disease affects prognosis. Pulmonary disease activity estimated by classic means poorly predicts severity and progressiveness. F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron-emission-tomography computed-tomography (F-FDG-PET/CT) estimates pulmonary activity by inflammatory-cells metabolism.

More advantages in detecting bone and soft tissue metastases from prostate cancer using F-PSMA PET/CT.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid cancer affecting men worldwide. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is at present the most commonly used biomarker for PCa screening, as well as a reliable marker of disease recurrence after initial treatment. Bone metastases (BM) are present in advanced stages of the disease.

Adjustment of vascular 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose uptake values over time through a modeling approach.

To develop and test a model predicting 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) standardized uptake value (SUV) changes over time in the aorta and the superior vena cava (SVC). Maximum aortic SUV and mean SVC SUV were determined at two time points (T1 and T2) in the ascending (ASC), descending (DSC), abdominal (ABD) aorta, aortic arch (ARC) and SVC of patients who have undergone [F]FDG PET/CT for clinical purposes. For SUV prediction at T2, linear and non-linear models of SUV difference for a given time change were developed in a derivation group.

Vascular inflammation and metabolic activity in hematopoietic organs and liver in familial combined hyperlipidemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Familial dyslipidemias of either heterozygous (heFH) or combined (FCH) type lead to accelerated atherogenesis and increased cardiovascular risk.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in statin-naïve adult patients with familial dyslipidemias whether inflammatory activation and liver, spleen and bone marrow metabolic activity differ compared with normolipidemic subjects and between dyslipidemic groups.

Methods: Fourteen patients with FCH, 14 with heFH, and 14 normolipidemic individuals were enrolled.

Inflamed human carotid plaques evaluated by PET/CT exhibit increased temperature: insights from an in vivo study.

Aims: To explore the relationship between temperature measurements derived by microwave radiometry (MWR) and carotid flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and assess their association with histological and immunohistochemistry findings in patients with high-grade carotid stenosis.

Methods And Results: In 21 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, carotid inflammation was evaluated by both FDG positron emission/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging and MWR measurements. Carotid inflammation was assessed by PET/CT as target-to-background ratio (TBR) by obtaining measurements in consecutive axial slices 2 cm below to 2 cm above the carotid bifurcation.

Central nervous system disorders affecting the heart-insights from radionuclide imaging.

There is a growing research activity focusing on the brain heart cross-talk. A great variety of brain disorders affect the heart and recent developments in neurosciences have revealed the particular role of specific neuroanatomic sites on heart rhythm and rate, myocardial function and vascular tone. Cardiac radionuclide imaging plays a pivotal role in this setting, since not only helps elucidating underlying pathobiological mechanisms but in addition, it promises exciting possibilities for early identification of patients at risk of developing cardiovascular manifestations of certain neurological diseases.

[The role of positron emission tomography in in lymphoma diagnosis and treatment].

Unlabelled: Objective and description of the review: To describe the role of PET and PET/CT as a better technique than gallium-67-citric or radiology in diagnosing histotypes of lymphoma and in following treatment. Lugano system is indicated for the specific diagnosis of histotypes, except in cases who do not take-up the radioactive agents such as the external lymphadenic border line B-lymphoma, lymphoma from small B- cells and spongoid mycosis. Treatment results are estimated by the PET/CT scans especially in Hodgkin's lymphoma.

(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in infected polycystic kidney disease.

A positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) study using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) was performed in a 54-year-old female with polycystic kidney disease, fever, and abdominal discomfort. Cyst's infection was suspected, but CT and U/S findings were not specific to accurately depict pyocysts and guide surgical treatment. In PET/CT, both kidneys are enlarged with multiple cysts and little remaining parenchyma.

Lack of association between KRAS mutations and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Caucasian metastatic colorectal cancer patients.

Background: Although Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) gene mutational testing is essential for the optimal design of therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer, it is not always feasible or reliable. In this retrospective study, we examined whether (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) scans can serve as a surrogate examination for KRAS mutational testing.

Patients And Methods: KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutational status was tested in 44 colorectal primary tumors and was compared with the (18)F-FDG PET/CT maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) values of the respective metastatic lesions.

Recurrent thyroid cancer diagnosis: ROC study of the effect of a high-resolution head and neck 18F-FDG PET/CT scan.

Rationale And Objectives: (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) has demonstrated significant value in the evaluation of patients with indication of recurrent thyroid cancer with negative conventional workup. The hypothesis of this study was that the addition of a dedicated, high-resolution head and neck scan (HNS) to the standard whole-body scan (WBS) improves the accuracy of the detection and diagnosis of recurrent thyroid cancer.

Materials And Methods: Forty-three consecutive patients suspected for recurrent thyroid cancer, as indicated by increased tumor markers, prospectively underwent a WBS and a HNS with (18)F-FDG PET/CT.

Assessment of myocardial perfusion and viability by positron emission tomography.

An important evolution has taken place recently in the field of cardiovascular Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. Being originally a highly versatile research tool that has contributed significantly to advance our understanding of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, PET has gradually been incorporated into the clinical cardiac imaging portfolio contributing to diagnosis and management of patients investigated for coronary artery disease (CAD). PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has an average sensitivity and specificity around 90% for the detection of angiographically significant CAD and it is also a very accurate technique for prognostication of patients with suspected or known CAD.

Impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT on therapeutic decisions in patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastases.

Objectives: Surgical resection and radio-frequency ablation (RFA) are standard therapeutic procedures for colorectal metastases confined to the liver. The presence of extrahepatic disease has a significant effect on the management of these patients. The goal of this study is to assess the value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET/CT) in the decision making whether to perform RFA or surgical resection of liver metastases in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Can pain influence the severity of findings of an (18)F-FDG PET/CT scan in loosening hip arthroplasty?

Pain is a common symptom after loosening and/or after infection of arthroplasty. The aim of the present case report is to indicate that fluorine-18-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography((18)F-FDG PET/CT) scan can be used for the evaluation of pain at the site of arthroplasty with a semi quantitative measurement. An 84 years old male patient, with a history of papillary thyroid cancer was referred to our Nuclear Medicine Department for an (18)F-FDG PET/CT scan for evaluation of his metastatic disease.

Balloon kyphoplasty: scintigraphy as the ultimate decision maker?

Balloon kyphoplasty is still controversial as a treatment for vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) due to osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the authors conducted a prospective study in 60 patients about the effectiveness of scintigraphy, after the conventional roentgenographic examination, as an ultimate decision maker for the identification of the levels to be treated. Seventy-one levels were radiographically and scintigraphically positive, were seen as active, and thus treated.

99mTc-depreotide in the evaluation of bone infection and inflammation.

Background And Aim: (99m)Tc-depreotide is a (99m)Tc-labelled somatostatin analogue, with high affinity for the 2, 3 and 5 subtypes of somatostatin receptors. These particular receptors are over-expressed on the surface of activated leucocytes, which mediate inflammatory response. Based on this property this study tried to investigate whether (99m)Tc-depreotide scintigraphy could be a useful complementary method in the investigation of bone infection and inflammation.

A case of non-malignant multifocal lesions on the methyl diphosphonate technetium-99m bone scan with enteropathy. SAPHO syndrome.

This is a case of a 24-year-old man with non-malignant multifocal bone lesions on the methyl diphosphonate technetium-99m bone scan, that may represent a variant of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. The patient complained for diffuse osseous pain, focused mainly in the hip joints. X-rays of the hips were normal but X-rays of the shoulders showed hyperostosis of the right clavicle with no erosions.