Effect of Treated Time of Hydrothermal Etching Process on Oxide Layer Formation and Its Antibacterial Properties.

Inspired by natural materials, we developed an antibacterial surface on titanium (Ti) using hydrothermal etching techniques and examined the effect of treated time on oxide layer formation, its antibacterial properties, and surface defects. Hydrothermal etching was conducted on Grade 2 commercially pure Ti immersed in 5M NaOH at 250 °C during a range of time of 0-12 h. Nanopillars generated on the surface had ~100 nm thickness, which resulted in decreased attachment and rupturing of the attached bacteria.