Association of Peripheral Markers of Oxidative Stress with Clinical Parameters and Inflammatory Factors in Alcoholic Patients.

One of the fundamental problems in studying addiction is elucidation of mechanisms of alcohol dependence (AD) development. Disturbances of cellular redox balance and inflammation play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Deciphering associations between biological and clinical indicators can elucidate molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.

Alcohol-Induced Activation of Chemokine System and Neuroinflammation Development.

Chemokines are immunoregulatory proteins with pleiotropic functions involved in neuromodulation, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission. The way chemokines affect the CNS plays an important role in modulating various conditions that could have negative impact on CNS functions, including development of alcohol use disorders. In this review, we analyzed the literature data available on the problem of chemokine participation in pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and remission of alcohol use disorders both in animal models and in the study of patients with alcoholism.

Gene Variants and Their Role in Metabolic Syndrome: A Study of Patients with Schizophrenia.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common among schizophrenia patients, and one of MetS's causes may be an imbalance in nitric oxide regulation. In this study, we examined associations of three polymorphic variants of the nitric oxide synthase 1 adapter protein () gene with MetS in schizophrenia. NOS1AP regulates neuronal nitric oxide synthase, which controls intracellular calcium levels and may influence insulin secretion.

Untargeted Plasma Metabolomic Profiling in Patients with Depressive Disorders: A Preliminary Study.

Depressive disorder is a multifactorial disease that is based on dysfunctions in mental and biological processes. The search for biomarkers can improve its diagnosis, personalize therapy, and lead to a deep understanding of the biochemical processes underlying depression. The purpose of this work was a metabolomic analysis of blood serum to classify patients with depressive disorders and healthy individuals using Compound Discoverer software.

EEG alpha band characteristics in patients with a depressive episode within recurrent and bipolar depression.

Background: The search for biological markers for the differential diagnosis of recurrent depression and bipolar depression is an important undertaking in modern psychiatry. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the promising tools in addressing this challenge.

Aim: To identify differences in the quantitative characteristics of the electroencephalographic alpha band activity in patients with a depressive episode within the framework of recurrent depression and bipolar depression.

Hormones, oxidized proteins, and lipids in alcoholism. Duration of remission.

The instability of remission in alcohol dependence (AD) creates a need to search for criteria for predicting its duration. The aim of study was to determine the hormones, oxidized proteins, and lipids in patients with AD, and the possible relations between these parameters and the duration of remission. Blood samples were obtained from 49 male patients with AD after alcohol detoxification (Total group).

Serum Levels of S100B Protein and Myelin Basic Protein as a Potential Biomarkers of Recurrent Depressive Disorders.

Nowadays, nervous tissue damage proteins in serum are considered promising drug targets and biomarkers of Mood Disorders. In a cross-sectional naturalistic study, the S100B, MBP and GFAP levels in the blood serum were compared between two diagnostic groups (patients with Depressive Episode (DE, n = 28) and patients with Recurrent Depressive Disorder (RDD, n = 21)), and healthy controls (n = 25). The diagnostic value of serum markers was assessed by ROC analysis.

Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Cytokine Genes with Depression, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.

Immune gene variants are known to be associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders, their clinical manifestations, and their response to therapy. This narrative review summarizes the current literature over the past decade on the association of polymorphic variants of cytokine genes with risk, severity, and response to treatment for severe mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. A search of literature in databases was carried out using keywords related to depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, inflammation, and cytokines.

Building Predictive Models for Schizophrenia Diagnosis with Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers.

Machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies are known to be a convenient tool for analyzing multi-domain data in precision psychiatry. In the case of schizophrenia, the most commonly used data sources for such purposes are neuroimaging, voice and language patterns, and mobile phone data. Data on peripheral markers can also be useful for building predictive models.

Cell Adhesion Molecules in Schizophrenia Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common comorbidity of schizophrenia and significantly shortens life expectancy of the patients. Intercellular (ICAM), vascular (VCAM), and neural (NCAM) cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) mediate neuroinflammatory processes, and their soluble forms (e.g.

Genes of the Glutamatergic System and Tardive Dyskinesia in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an extrapyramidal side effect of the long-term use of antipsychotics. In the present study, the role of glutamatergic system genes in the pathogenesis of total TD, as well as two phenotypic forms, orofacial TD and limb-truncal TD, was studied.

Methods: A set of 46 SNPs of the glutamatergic system genes (, , , , , , , , ) was studied in a population of 704 Caucasian patients with schizophrenia.

Cytokine level in patients with mood disorder, alcohol use disorder and their comorbidity.

Objectives: Because alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often accompanied by mood disorder (MD) and both alcoholism and depression result in activation of the immune system, this study compares serum cytokine levels in the presence of co-morbidity with those in either AUD or MD alone.

Methods: In this naturalistic prospective study the levels of 15 different cytokines were measured in serum samples of patients with MD ( = 43), participants with combined AUD-MD ( = 44) and AUD without MD ( = 42). The levels were compared cross-sectionally among themselves and with those in 50 healthy volunteers.

Gene Polymorphisms of Hormonal Regulators of Metabolism in Patients with Schizophrenia with Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common complication of long-term treatment of persons with schizophrenia taking (atypical) antipsychotics. In this study, we investigated the existence of an association with polymorphisms of genes for four hormones that regulate energy metabolism.

Methods: We recruited 517 clinically admitted white patients (269M/248F) with a verified diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-10) and with a stable physical condition.

A New Paradigm to Indicate Antidepressant Treatments.

This article develops the idea that clinical depression can be seen as a typical human response, largely rooted in human culture, to events of loss or times of adversity. Various biological, psychological, and social factors may cause some individuals to have a depressive reaction that is ineffectually limited in time and/or severity. Recovery occurs mainly based on natural resilience mechanisms, which come into play spontaneously, but which are sometimes inhibited or blocked by specific pathological biopsychosocial mechanisms.

Beta-Endorphin and Oxytocin in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder and Comorbid Depression.

Background: The neuropeptides β-endorphin and oxytocin are released into the bloodstream as hormones from the pituitary gland but also have an important function as neuroregulators in the forebrain. The blood levels of both polypeptides have been shown to reflect depressive symptoms. β-Endorphin, in particular, is also involved in abstinence from alcohol.

Influence of eight ABCB1 polymorphisms on antidepressant response in a prospective cohort of treatment-free Russian patients with moderate or severe depression: An explorative psychopharmacological study with naturalistic design.

Background: Many antidepressants are substrates of P-glycoprotein, an efflux transporter in the blood-brain-barrier encoded by the ABCB1 gene. Genetic variations might influence the transport rate of antidepressants and hence their pharmacological effects. This study investigates the influence of eight polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene on antidepressant treatment response.

Study of Early Onset Schizophrenia: Associations of and Polymorphisms.

Background: Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with a high heritability. Dysfunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we examined the contribution of and (Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2A/2B) polymorphisms to the clinical features of schizophrenia, such as the leading symptoms, the type of course, and the age of onset.

Association of Polymorphisms with Alcohol Use Disorder.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) not only influences individuals and families but also has a lasting social impact on communities at the national level. Dopaminergic neurotransmission is involved in excessive alcohol consumption. Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate-4-kinase type 2 α (PIP4K2A) plays an important role in the regulation of ascending dopamine pathways.