× Transcriptome Profiling Reveals a Similarity Between the Evolutionary Origins of Carnivorous Traps and Floral Organs.

The emergence of the carnivory syndrome and traps in plants is one of the most intriguing questions in evolutionary biology. In the present study, we addressed it by comparative transcriptomics analysis of leaves and leaf-derived pitcher traps from a predatory plant × . Pitchers were collected at three stages of development and a total of 12 transcriptomes were sequenced and assembled .

The first crenarchaeon capable of growth by anaerobic carbon monoxide oxidation coupled with H production.

The ability to grow by anaerobic CO oxidation with production of H from water is known for some thermophilic bacteria, most of which belong to Firmicutes, as well as for a few hyperthermophilic Euryarchaeota isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal habitats. A hyperthermophilic, neutrophilic, anaerobic filamentous archaeon strain 1505=VKM B-3180=KCTC 15798 was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring in Kamchatka (Russia) in the presence of 30% CO in the gas phase. Strain 1505 could grow lithotrophically using carbon monoxide as the energy source with the production of hydrogen according to the equation CO+HO→CO+H; mixotrophically on CO plus glucose; and organotrophically on peptone, yeast extract, glucose, sucrose, or Avicel.

The Genes of Leaf and Leaf-Like Organ Polarity in Leafless Plant .

is a mycoheterotrophic, nonphotosynthetic plant acquiring nutrients from the roots of autotrophic trees through mycorrhizal symbiosis, and, similar to other extant plants, forming asymmetrical lateral organs during development. The members of the YABBY family of transcription factors are important players in the establishment of leaf and leaf-like organ polarity in plants. This is the first report on the identification of genes in a mycoheterotrophic plant devoid of aboveground vegetative organs.

Lignite coal burning seam in the remote Altai Mountains harbors a hydrogen-driven thermophilic microbial community.

Thermal ecosystems associated with underground coal combustion sites are rare and less studied than geothermal features. Here we analysed microbial communities of near-surface ground layer and bituminous substance in an open quarry heated by subsurface coal fire by metagenomic DNA sequencing. Taxonomic classification revealed dominance of only a few groups of Firmicutes.

Genome sequencing and annotation of sp. 1017, a hydrocarbon-oxidizing thermophilic bacterium isolated from a heavy oil reservoir (China).

The draft genome sequence of sp. strain 1017, a thermophilic aerobic oil-oxidizing bacterium isolated from formation water of the Dagang high-temperature oilfield, China, is presented here. The genome comprised 3.

Deep-sequence profiling of miRNAs and their target prediction in Monotropa hypopitys.

Myco-heterotroph Monotropa hypopitys is a widely spread perennial herb used to study symbiotic interactions and physiological mechanisms underlying the development of non-photosynthetic plant. Here, we performed, for the first time, transcriptome-wide characterization of M. hypopitys miRNA profile using high throughput Illumina sequencing.

Microbial life in Bourlyashchy, the hottest thermal pool of Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka.

Bourlyashchy is the largest and hottest pool in the Uzon Caldera, located in the territory of Kronotsky Nature Reserve, Kamchatka, Russia, with sediment surface temperatures at the margins ranging from 86 to 97 °C, and pH from 6.0 to 7.0.

Characterization of Melioribacter roseus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel facultatively anaerobic thermophilic cellulolytic bacterium from the class Ignavibacteria, and a proposal of a novel bacterial phylum Ignavibacteriae.

A novel moderately thermophilic, facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotrophic bacterium strain P3M-2(T) was isolated from a microbial mat developing on the wooden surface of a chute under the flow of hot water (46°C) coming out of a 2775-m-deep oil exploration well (Tomsk region, Russia). Strain P3M-2(T) is a moderate thermophile and facultative anaerobe growing on mono-, di- or polysaccharides by aerobic respiration, fermentation or by reducing diverse electron acceptors [nitrite, Fe(III), As(V)]. Its closest cultivated relative (90.

A novel function for a ubiquitous plant enzyme pectin methylesterase: the enhancer of RNA silencing.

Co-agroinjection of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with the pectin methylesterase (proPME) gene and the TMV:GFP vector resulted in a stimulation of virus-induced RNA silencing (inhibition of GFP production, virus RNA degradation, stimulation of siRNAs production). Conversely, co-expression of TMV:GFP with either antisense PME construct or with enzymatically inactive proPME restored synthesis of viral RNA. Furthermore, expression of proPME enhanced the GFP transgene-induced gene silencing accompanied by relocation of the DCL1 protein from nucleus to the cytoplasm and activation of siRNAs and miRNAs production.

Role of the leader sequence in tobacco pectin methylesterase secretion.

We report that unprocessed tobacco pectin methylesterase (PME) contains N-terminal pro-sequence including the transmembrane (TM) domain and spacer segment preceding the mature PME. The mature portion of PME was replaced by green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and various deletion mutants of pro-sequence fused to GFP were cloned into binary vectors and agroinjected in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The PME pro-sequence delivered GFP to the cell wall (CW).