Endophytic Bacteria and Fungi Associated with in the Russian Far East.

, alternatively known as or , is a perennial herb belonging to the Polygonaceae family. Commonly called Japanese knotweed or Asian knotweed, this plant is native to East Asia, particularly in regions such as Korea, China, and Japan. It has successfully adapted to a wide range of habitats, resulting in it being listed as a pest and invasive species in several countries in North America and Europe.

Impact of Exogenous dsRNA on miRNA Composition in .

The application of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) to plant surfaces has emerged as a promising tool for manipulating gene expression in plants and pathogens, offering new opportunities for crop improvement. While research has shown the capability of exogenous dsRNAs to silence genes, the full spectrum of their impact, particularly on the intricate network of microRNAs (miRNAs), remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that the exogenous application of chalcone synthase ()-encoding dsRNA to the rosette leaves of induced extensive alterations in the miRNA profile, while non-specific bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase II () dsRNA had a minimal effect.

The Effect of External Treatment of with Plant-Derived Stilbene Compounds on Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stresses.

Stilbenes are a group of plant phenolic secondary metabolites, with -resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy--stilbene) being recognized as the most prominent and studied member. Stilbenes have a great potential for use in agriculture and medicine, as they have significant activities against plant pathogens and have valuable beneficial effects on human health. In this study, we analyzed the effects of direct application of stilbenes, stilbene precursor, and stilbene-rich extract solutions to the plant foliar surface for increasing the resistance of to various abiotic stresses (heat, cold, drought, and soil salinity).

The Endophytic Microbiome of Wild Grapevines Rupr. and Pulliat Growing in the Russian Far East.

Many grape endophytic microorganisms exhibit high potential for suppressing the development of grape diseases and stimulating grapevine growth and fitness, as well as beneficial properties of the crop. The microbiome of wild grapevines is a promising source of biocontrol agents, which can be beneficial for domesticated grapevines. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and classical microbiology techniques, we performed an analysis of bacterial and fungal endophytic communities of wild grapevines Rupr.

The Effect of Stress Hormones, Ultraviolet C, and Stilbene Precursors on Expression of Calcineurin B-like Protein () and CBL-Interacting Protein Kinase () Genes in Cell Cultures and Leaves of Rupr.

Calcium serves as a crucial messenger in plant stress adaptation and developmental processes. Plants encode several multigene families of calcium sensor proteins with diverse functions in plant growth and stress responses. Several studies indicated that some calcium sensors may be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolite production in plant cells.

The Diversity of Fungal Endophytes from Wild Grape Rupr.

Grapevine endophytic fungi have great potential for application in agriculture and represent an important source of various compounds with valuable biological activities. Wild grapevine is known to host a great number of rare and unidentified endophytes and may represent a rich repository of potential vineyard biocontrol agents. This investigation aimed to study the fungal endophytic community of wild grape Rupr.

Effect of and Overexpression on Stilbene Biosynthesis in Cell Cultures of Grapevine Rupr.

Stilbenes are plant defense compounds known to rapidly accumulate in grapevine and some other plant species in response to microbial infection and several abiotic stresses. Stilbenes have attracted considerable attention due to valuable biological effects with multi-spectrum therapeutic application. However, there is a lack of information on natural signaling pathways and transcription factors regulating stilbene biosynthesis.

Exogenous dsRNA Induces RNA Interference of a Chalcone Synthase Gene in .

Recent investigations have shown the possibility of artificial induction of RNA interference (RNAi) via plant foliar treatments with naked double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence essential genes in plant fungal pathogens or to target viral RNAs. Furthermore, several studies have documented the downregulation of plant endogenous genes via external application of naked gene-specific dsRNAs and siRNAs to the plant surfaces. However, there are limited studies on the dsRNA processing and gene silencing mechanisms after external dsRNA application.

The Biodiversity of Grapevine Bacterial Endophytes of Rupr.

In this paper, the composition profiles of bacterial endophytes in wild-growing Amur grape Rupr. grown in the south of the Russian Far East were analyzed using both a cultivation-dependent (sowing bacteria) and a cultivation-independent (next generation sequencing, NGS) approach. Both methods revealed the prevalent endophytes in were represented by -40.

Effect of Calmodulin-like Gene () Overexpression on Stilbene Biosynthesis in Cell Cultures of Rupr.

Stilbenes are plant phenolics known to rapidly accumulate in grapevine and other plants in response to injury or pathogen attack and to exhibit a great variety of healing beneficial effects. It has previously been shown that several calmodulin-like protein () genes were highly up-regulated in cell cultures of wild-growing grapevine Rupr. in response to stilbene-modulating conditions, such as stress hormones, UV-C, and stilbene precursors.

The Influence of the Grapevine Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes on Biomass Accumulation and Stilbene Production by the In Vitro Cultivated Cells of Rupr.

Plant endophytes are known to alter the profile of secondary metabolites in plant hosts. In this study, we identified the main bacterial and fungal representatives of the wild grape Rupr. microbiome and investigated a cocultivation effect of the 14 endophytes and the cell suspension on biomass accumulation and stilbene biosynthesis.

Reactivation of rolB transgene expression in Vitis amurensis Rupr. cells upon retransformation with 2b gene from Cucumovirus isolate NK.

Objective: Studies concerning 2b protein from Cucumovirus showed 2b to effectively repress functioning of the plant silencing complex, current study aimed whether retransformation with 2b gene able to restore silenced transgene expression in plant cells.

Results: A rolB-transgenic cell culture of Vitis amurensis Rupr. that was continuously subcultured during more than 10 years and exhibited decreased transcription of the rolB transgene was retransformed with the 2b gene of Cucumovirus-NK.

Stilbene content and expression of stilbene synthase genes in cell cultures of Vitis amurensis treated with cinnamic and caffeic acids.

It has previously been shown that exogenous application of p-coumaric acid (CA), a precursor of phenolic compounds, improved stilbene production in cell cultures of Vitis amurensis. This study examines the effect of cinnamic (Cin) and caffeic (Caf) acids, which are also phenolic precursors, on stilbene biosynthesis in the cell cultures. Five stilbenes, t-resveratrol diglucoside, t-piceid (t-resveratrol glucoside), t-resveratrol, t-ε-viniferin, and t-δ-viniferin, were found in the treated and untreated cells.