Comparative Study of Bulgarian Linden Honey ( sp.).

The present study aims to evaluate and compare some of the main indicators characterizing Bulgarian linden honey depending on the geographical origin. A total of 18 samples were collected from the six regions of Bulgaria, with 3 samples from each region taken from different producers during the 2023 harvest. The physicochemical indicators: hydroxymethylfurfural content, diastase activity, pH, color, water content and electrical conductivity, as well as organoleptic and pollen characteristics, were analyzed.

Low-Fat Meal as a Component in the Broiler Diet: Growth Performance and Carcass Composition.

is considered a sustainable protein source for diets in poultry. It has been investigated in regard to the performance, health status, and product quality in different poultry species. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of low-fat meal (LFTM) included in the broilers' diet on the growth performance and carcass composition of the birds.

Effect of the Addition of Soybean Protein and Insect Flours on the Quality of Cooked Sausages.

This study aimed to assess the effect of the addition (2%) of soybean protein (SP) and insect flours derived from house crickets (, HCF) and yellow mealworm (, YMF) in cooked sausages. The technological characteristics of the batter, the chemical composition of the sausages, their technological traits and lipid stability during refrigerated storage, as well as their sensory properties, were investigated. The SP, HCF and YMF batters displayed higher pH ( = 0.

Two cold shock domain containing proteins trigger the development of infectious Trypanosoma brucei.

Cold shock proteins are members of a family of DNA- and RNA-binding proteins with one or more evolutionarily conserved cold shock domain (CSD). These proteins have a wide variety of biological functions, including DNA-damage repair, mRNA stability, and regulation of transcription, splicing and translation. We previously identified two CSD containing proteins, CSD1 and CSD2, in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei to be required for RBP6-driven metacyclic production, albeit at different steps of the developmental program.

An assembly of nuclear bodies associates with the active VSG expression site in African trypanosomes.

A Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coat protects bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei. Prodigious amounts of VSG mRNA (~7-10% total) are generated from a single RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribed VSG expression site (ES), necessitating extremely high levels of localised splicing. We show that splicing is required for processive ES transcription, and describe novel ES-associated T.

Subcutaneous nephrovesical bypass in a patient with advanced prostate cancer.

In the presence of hydronephrosis, as a result of ureteral malignant invasion, advanced pelvic tumor or retroperitoneal fibrosis, we most often perform a double J stent or percutaneous nephrostomy. In the search for a better quality of life for our patients in recent years in urological practice is increasingly becoming the use of subcutaneous nephrovesical bypass due to its proven safety, effectiveness and minimal invasiveness.

Identification of positive and negative regulators in the stepwise developmental progression towards infectivity in Trypanosoma brucei.

Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite that causes important human and livestock diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. By overexpressing a single RNA-binding protein, RBP6, in non-infectious procyclics trypanosomes, we previously recapitulated in vitro the events occurring in the tsetse fly vector, namely the development of epimastigotes and infectious, quiescent metacyclic parasites. To identify genes involved in this developmental progression, we individually targeted 86 transcripts by RNAi in the RBP6 overexpression cell line and assessed the loss-of-function phenotypes on repositioning the kinetoplast, an organelle that contains the mitochondrial genome, the expression of BARP or brucei alanine rich protein, a marker for epimastigotes, and metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein.

Successful in vitro fertilization in a 30 years old man with bilateral abdominal cryptorchidism.

Retention of the testis is one of the most common congenital malformation in male infants. The incidence of this disease is 1-2% at 1 year of age. As nonpalpable are reported around 20% of cases and in up to 30% of neonates may affect both sides.

A rare case of huge villous adenoma of the renal pelvis deforming the abdominal wall.

The villous adenoma is a benign epithelial tumor affecting most often the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon and rectum. The incidence of this disease in the genitourinary tract is less than 1% as the most commonly affected organs are bladder, urethra, prostate, vulva and vagina. Only several cases of villous adenoma in the renal pelvis have been reported in the scientific literature.

Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after penile trauma.

In urology low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) finds major application in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) after nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy and Peyronie's disease. We presented a rare case of application of LI-ESWT in a 39-years old man with erectile dysfunction after penile trauma obtained during sexual intercourse.

Torsion of the testis with perineal ectopy.

Congenital testicular anomalies affect about 5% of newborn boys. Testicular torsion is a rare anomaly that occurs in 1 in 4000 men under the age of 25. Perineal ectopia is an even more rare anomaly.

A rare case of iatrogenic vesicovaginal fistula arising from a forgotten gauze strip during Caesarean section.

The incidence of iatrogenic vesicovaginal fistulas in women after gynecological surgery is 82%, as hysterectomy being the most common cause for them - 88%. We presented a rare case of iatrogenic vesicovaginal fistula resulting from a series of errors and forgotten gauze strip in a 26-years-old woman after a third Caesarean section.

The vault RNA of plays a role in the production of -spliced mRNA.

The vault ribonucleoprotein (RNP), comprising vault RNA (vtRNA) and telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1), is found in many eukaryotes. However, previous studies of vtRNAs, for example in mammalian cells, have failed to reach a definitive conclusion about their function. vtRNAs are related to Y RNAs, which are complexed with Ro protein and influence Ro's function in noncoding RNA (ncRNA) quality control and processing.

Temperature shift activates bloodstream VSG expression site promoters in Trypanosoma brucei.

Trypanosoma brucei relies on two types of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) expression sites (ESs) for RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription of VSG pre-mRNA. Trypanosomes developing into infectious metacyclic cells in the tsetse vector use metacyclic VSG ESs (MESs) and proliferating parasites in the mammalian host deploy bloodstream VSG ESs (BESs). Unlike the monocistronic MESs, BESs are polycistronic and their highly conserved promoters differ considerably from the MES promoters.

The proteome and transcriptome of the infectious metacyclic form of Trypanosoma brucei define quiescent cells primed for mammalian invasion.

The infectious metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei result from a complex development in the tsetse fly vector. When they infect mammals, they cause African sleeping sickness in humans. Due to scarcity of biological material and difficulties of the tsetse fly as an experimental system, very limited information is available concerning the gene expression profile of metacyclic forms.

Metacyclic VSG expression site promoters are recognized by the same general transcription factor that is required for RNA polymerase I transcription of bloodstream expression sites.

Infectious metacyclic Trypanosoma brucei cells develop in the salivary glands of tsetse flies. A critical aspect of the developmental program leading to acquisition of infectivity is the synthesis of a variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat. Metacyclic VSG genes are transcribed from a set of specialized VSG expression sites (ESs) that differ from bloodstream VSG ESs by being monocistronic, being significantly shorter, lacking long stretches of 70-bp repeats, and having distinct promoter sequences.

The Canonical Poly (A) Polymerase PAP1 Polyadenylates Non-Coding RNAs and Is Essential for snoRNA Biogenesis in Trypanosoma brucei.

The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness and is known for its unique RNA processing mechanisms that are common to all the kinetoplastidea including Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi. Trypanosomes possess two canonical RNA poly (A) polymerases (PAPs) termed PAP1 and PAP2. PAP1 is encoded by one of the only two genes harboring cis-spliced introns in this organism, and its function is currently unknown.

Transcriptome Profiling of Trypanosoma brucei Development in the Tsetse Fly Vector Glossina morsitans.

African trypanosomes, the causative agents of sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals, have a complex digenetic life cycle between a mammalian host and an insect vector, the blood-feeding tsetse fly. Although the importance of the insect vector to transmit the disease was first realized over a century ago, many aspects of trypanosome development in tsetse have not progressed beyond a morphological analysis, mainly due to considerable challenges to obtain sufficient material for molecular studies. Here, we used high-throughput RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to profile Trypanosoma brucei transcript levels in three distinct tissues of the tsetse fly, namely the midgut, proventriculus and salivary glands.

Genome-wide analysis of small nucleolar RNAs of Leishmania major reveals a rich repertoire of RNAs involved in modification and processing of rRNA.

Trypanosomatids are protozoan parasites and the causative agent of infamous infectious diseases. These organisms regulate their gene expression mainly at the post-transcriptional level and possess characteristic RNA processing mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the complete repertoire of Leishmania major small nucleolar (snoRNA) RNAs by performing RNA-seq analysis on RNAs that were affinity-purified using the C/D snoRNA core protein, SNU13, and the H/ACA core protein, NHP2.

Synchronous expression of individual metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein genes in Trypanosoma brucei.

One distinctive feature of the Trypanosoma brucei life cycle is the presence of two discrete populations that are based on differential expression of variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs). Both are adapted to the environmental pressures they face and more importantly, both contribute directly to transmission. Metacyclics in the tsetse fly enable transmission to a new mammalian host, whereas bloodstream trypanosomes must avoid immune destruction to the extent that sufficient numbers are available for transmission, when the insect vector takes a blood meal.

Construction of Trypanosoma brucei Illumina RNA-Seq libraries enriched for transcript ends.

High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has quickly occupied center stage in the repertoire of available tools for transcriptomics. Among many advantages, the single-nucleotide resolution of this powerful approach allows mapping on a genome-wide scale of splice junctions and polyadenylation sites, and thus, the precise definition of mature transcript boundaries. This greatly facilitated the transcriptome annotation of the human pathogen Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan organism in which all mRNA molecules are matured by spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing from longer polycistronic precursors.

Validation of nomograms predicting lymph node involvement in patients with prostate cancer undergoing extended pelvic lymph node dissection.

Our aim was to validate Briganti's nomograms predicting the probability of lymph node involvement (LNI) in prostate cancer (PCa). Clinicopathological data of 256 PCa patients who underwent extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) and radical prostatectomy (RP) were obtained from two Bulgarian institutions. Predicted probabilities of LNI were assessed using Briganti's nomograms based on ePLND.

The emerging role of RNA-binding proteins in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei.

One of the key questions in understanding the biology of an organism is how to correlate cellular fate and function with gene expression patterns. This is particularly relevant for pathogenic organisms, like the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma brucei, who often cycle between different hosts, thereby encountering vastly different environments. Survival in and adaptation to new surroundings requires activation of specific gene networks, which is most often achieved by regulatory mechanisms embedded in the transcriptional machinery.

Developmental progression to infectivity in Trypanosoma brucei triggered by an RNA-binding protein.

Unraveling the intricate interactions between Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite causing African trypanosomiasis, and the tsetse (Glossina) vector remains a challenge. Metacyclic trypanosomes, which inhabit the tsetse salivary glands, transmit the disease and are produced through a complex differentiation and unknown program. By overexpressing a single RNA-binding protein, TbRBP6, in cultured noninfectious trypanosomes, we recapitulated the developmental stages that have been observed in tsetse, including the generation of infective metacyclic forms expressing the variant surface glycoprotein.