Surveillance of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Circulating and Salivary DNA Biomarkers.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) manifests in the mucosal epithelial lining of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx or larynx and has a tremendous disease burden worldwide. Smoking and alcohol consumption were once major risk factors, but HPV-associated infection has emerged as the major contributor to HNSCC occurrence in developed countries. Circulating biomarker evaluations in biofluids, also known as liquid biopsy, are an attractive alternative for cancer screening as they are minimally invasive, potentially low cost, and easily repeatable on a serial basis.