Inadvertent parathyroidectomy risk factors in 1,373 thyroidectomies-male gender and presence of lymphadenopathy, but not size of gland, independently increase the risk.

Background: Inadvertent parathyroidectomy (IP) during thyroid operations is a recognised phenomenon. We evaluated the incidence of IP during thyroid operations in a large case-series and identified the risk factors involved.

Methods: Retrospective review of all thyroidectomy operations [total thyroidectomies (TT) and near-total thyroidectomies (NTT)] performed in a single institution from January 2004 to January 2009.

Two-stage thyroidectomy in the era of intraoperative neuromonitoring.

Background: The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) provides surgeons with real time information about recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN) functional integrity. Hence, allowing them to modify the initially scheduled bilateral procedure, to a two-stage thyroidectomy in cases of loss of signal (LOS) on the first side of resection resulting in minimization of bilateral RLN injury. The purpose of our study was to present our results since the implementation of the above mentioned process in both malignant and benign thyroid disease.

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in patients with previous endocrine surgery.

Objective: Previous endocrine neck surgery (PENS) in patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is considered a contraindication for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP). The purpose of our study was to determine the effectiveness of MIP in such patients.

Methods: From January 2004 to December 2009, 270 patients with PHP were treated in our department; 30 had had PENS in the past.

Dose-dependent effects of thyroid hormone on post-ischemic cardiac performance: potential involvement of Akt and ERK signalings.

The present study explored the effects of thyroid hormone (TH) treatment on post-ischemic cardiac function and potential implicated mechanisms. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was induced in mice by coronary artery ligation while sham-operated animals served as controls. This procedure resulted in a marked depression of cardiac function and significant reduction in TH levels in plasma.

Heterotopic pancreas of the gallbladder associated with chronic cholecystitis and high levels of amylasuria.

Context: Heterotopic pancreas of the gallbladder is an extremely rare entity, especially when pancreatic tissue appears histologically with an exclusively exocrine structure.

Case Report: We report the case of a 35-year-old man who presented with symptoms of acalculous gallbladder disease with high levels of amylasuria. Immunohistochemical analysis of the surgical specimen of the cholecystectomy revealed pancreatic tissue at the gallbladder wall.

Ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in real life: comparison of same-day prebiopsy versus real-time ultrasound approach.

Background And Aim: Currently, an increasing number of liver biopsies are performed by radiologists under real-time ultrasound control. A routine ultrasound assessment of a puncture site before performing percutaneous biopsy is reported to increase diagnostic yield and decrease complication rates. It is not clear if real-time ultrasound is superior to marking the puncture site before biopsy as regards reducing biopsy size and avoiding fragmentation and complications.