Publications by authors named "Nikolaos Paschos"

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of transferring the pectoralis minor (PM) in its entirety and assess its relationship with the musculocutaneous nerves (MCN) and axillary nerves (AXN). Methods Sixteen fresh transthoracic cadaver specimens were used. After PM transfer, the following measures were obtained: (a) the distance between the coracoid process (CP) and the subscapularis insertion on the lesser tubercle during external, neutral, and internal rotation.

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Purpose: To evaluate outcomes after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in pediatric and adolescent patients in terms of graft failure rate and functional patient outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review of Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, and PubMed databases was performed for all original clinical studies that reported outcomes of pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing revision ACLR. Non-English studies and studies not reporting both graft failure rates and an additional outcome measure were excluded.

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Background: Anterior vertebral tethering (AVT) is a minimally invasive alternative to fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) that offers the potential for definitive scoliosis treatment with the possibility of preservation of the growth, motion, function and overall health of the spine. This study represents our first ten years using AVT to treat AIS.

Methods: In this retrospective review we analyzed our first 74 AIS patients treated with AVT 2010-2020.

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Management of patellofemoral conditions in children and adolescents can be extremely challenging. Apart from the patellofemoral instability patients, there are several other disorders that can cause significant morbidity, patellofemoral maltracking, patellar tilt, and Hoffa's fat pad impingement syndrome are common problems that may not respond to nonoperative management. Understanding the exact pathology and apply the appropriate management is critical for successful outcome.

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Purpose: Both open and arthroscopic surgical techniques have been used for PCL avulsion fractures. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the different management strategies proposed for PCL avulsion fractures in children.

Methods: A systematic literature review was performed utilizing Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE databases from 1977 to the present.

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Article Synopsis
  • - An intra-articular corticosteroid injection increases the risk of joint infection, particularly within the first 4 weeks post-injection, after which the risk normalizes.
  • - A delay of at least 4 weeks between the injection and any arthroscopic procedure is recommended to ensure patient safety against infections.
  • - Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an effective alternative to corticosteroids for pain relief and inflammation, and may reduce the risk of postoperative infections during arthroscopy.
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Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common orthopedic injury, occurring in roughly 68.6 per 100,000 persons annually, with the primary treatment option being ACL reconstruction. However, debate remains about the appropriate graft type for restoring the native biomechanical properties of the knee.

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Arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can become a major complication requiring surgical intervention. The reported incidence approximates 8% but varies widely (2%-35%) and, as not all patients require surgery, may be underreported. Several risk factors are involved.

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Purpose: This study aims to determine the overall incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following shoulder arthroscopy and to define potential risk factors associated with its development that may help define guidelines for the use of thromboprophylaxis

Methods: A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases per PRISMA guidelines. The search terms consisted of variations of "Venous Thromboembolism" and "Shoulder Arthroscopy." Information regarding arthroscopy indication, risk factors, outcomes, and patient demographics was recorded and analyzed, and pooled odds ratios were reported for each variable.

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Carpometacarpal (CMC) dislocations without associated fractures of the adjacent bones are extremely infrequent injuries. Dorsal or volar dislocations occur after high-energy injuries and may lead to early post-traumatic arthritis and carpal instability. The purpose of this study was to present a case of dorsal dislocation of both the fourth and fifth CMC joints that were treated with closed reduction and casting.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Recent findings indicate that recurrent patellofemoral instability contributes to cartilage deterioration, and correcting the anatomy and biomechanics surgically may lower osteoarthritis risk.
  • * Key factors for managing patellofemoral instability include precise patient selection and ongoing improvements in surgical techniques, as both under- and over-constraint during procedures can influence arthritis development.
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  • Surgical techniques for knee ACL reconstruction are advancing due to better understanding of anatomy and biomechanics.
  • The goal is to restore normal knee function, ensure pain-free movement, and prevent further injuries or arthritis.
  • Key advancements include anatomic reconstruction approaches, various graft options, and reinforcement techniques like anterolateral ligament reconstruction.
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  • - Graft selection is crucial for successful anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, particularly concerning the size of the graft used.
  • - Small-diameter hamstring autografts (under 8 mm) are linked to higher failure rates due to variability in tendon size.
  • - Incorporating the sartorius tendon as an additional strand can strengthen and enlarge small hamstring grafts, potentially leading to better outcomes in pediatric and revision surgeries.
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In the setting of biological augmentation for meniscus repair, it is extremely important to evaluate all aspects, including effectiveness, costs, potential risks, benefits, and limitations. It seems that everything matters in healing: the aspirate source of the bioactive agents, cell content, presence of stem cells and their type, growth factors, cytokines, biomechanical scaffold, and the quality of the tissue. There are several differences among mesenchymal, adipose, and peripheral blood stem cells, with the cell origin affecting the differentiation potential towards bone, cartilage and ligament.

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Congenital dislocation of the patella is a rare condition characterized by lateral dislocation of the patella that is irreducible without surgical correction. Although there is no clear inheritance pattern, it is associated with several congenital syndromes. Patients often demonstrate flexion contracture, loss of active knee extension, increased tibial external rotation, and absent patella in the trochlea.

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Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate variability in biomechanical testing protocols for laboratory-based studies using suture anchors for glenohumeral shoulder instability and SLAP lesion repair.

Methods: A systematic review of Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar using Covidence software was performed for all biomechanical studies investigating labral-based suture anchor repair for shoulder instability and SLAP lesions. Clinical studies, technical notes or surgical technique descriptions, or studies treating glenoid bone loss or capsulorrhaphy were excluded.

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Although the knee joint and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) experience similar incidence of cartilage ailments, the knee orthopedics field has greater funding and more effective end-stage treatment options. Translational research has resulted in the development of tissue-engineered products for knee cartilage repair, but the same is not true for TMJ cartilages. Here, we examine the anatomy and pathology of the joints, compare current treatments and products for cartilage afflictions, and explore ways to accelerate the TMJ field.

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Background: Growth disturbance is an uncommon but potentially serious complication after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in skeletally immature patients.

Purpose: To describe how the pediatric ACL literature has assessed preoperative skeletal maturity and the amount of growth remaining and to comprehensively review the incidence, reporting, and monitoring of postoperative growth disturbance.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

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Introduction: Intratendinous epidermal cysts are extremely rare soft-tissue lesions. Apart from traumatic occasions which are usually painful, in asymptomatic cases, they can be easily overlooked. The purpose of our study was to report the formation of an intratendinous epidermoid cyst after traumatic penetration and irritation of a wooden foreign body.

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  • - The study investigated whether full humeral head coverage during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair affects re-tear rates and clinical outcomes compared to partial coverage in patients with massive rotator cuff tears.
  • - Results showed no significant difference in re-tear rates (2 failures for full coverage vs. 4 for partial coverage) and functional scores (ASES and Penn scores) between the two repair types, although both coverage percentage and tear size impacted outcomes.
  • - The findings suggest that achieving full coverage may not be necessary for optimal recovery, with factors like tear size and fatty infiltration playing a more crucial role in functional outcome.
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Anterior vertebral tethering (AVT) is a relatively recent alternative to posterior spinal fusion for progressive curves in growing patients with idiopathic scoliosis. AVT uses a thoracoscopic approach to minimize trauma to the thoracic wall and chest cavity. There are limited technical descriptions of this method.

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Introduction: Open interphalangeal (IP) dislocations are completely uncommon. Up to now, different patterns of dislocation have been described. The combination of axial loading and hyperdorsiflexion forces, leading to plantar dislocation of the distal phalanx, is a rare type of injury, which has yet not been reported.

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  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in various medical applications, but it is not yet capable of replacing human expertise, especially in specialized areas like sports medicine.
  • Experts currently outperform AI in interpreting complex diagnostic tools, such as MRI scans, indicating the ongoing need for human involvement in the decision-making process.
  • As we integrate AI into healthcare, it's crucial to embrace its benefits while maintaining a critical perspective on its implementation, emphasizing transparency and viewing AI as an aiding assistant rather than a competitor.
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