Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Uveitic Glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a common and potentially blinding complication of uveitis. Many mechanisms are involved alone or in combination in the pathogenesis of uveitic glaucoma (UG). In terms of diagnostic evaluation, the effects of inflammatory activity in the retinal nerve fiber layer may be a source of bias in the interpretation of optical coherence tomography measurements.

Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Rubella Virus and Cytomegalovirus Associated Chronic Unilateral Anterior Uveitis.

Purpose: To identify the clinical characteristics that may predict the diagnosis of Rubella virus (RV) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among cases of chronic treatment resistant or steroid dependent unilateral anterior uveitis (AU).

Methods: Thirty-three consecutive patients with a diagnosis of CMV and 32 patients with RV chronic AU were enrolled. The respective frequency of certain demographic and clinical characteristics was compared between the two groups.

Tumor necrosis factor antagonists: preliminary evidence for an emerging approach in the treatment of ocular inflammation.

The anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody infliximab and the soluble TNF receptor etanercept inhibit the pleiotropic actions of TNF and are widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), spondyloarthropathies (SpA), Crohn's disease, and psoriasis with an acceptable safety profile. A pathogenetic role of TNF in ocular inflammatory conditions has recently emerged from small trials reporting preliminary results on the efficacy of these agents in patients with noninfectious uveitis, regardless of the origin of the disease. The authors review the published experience, derived mostly from investigator-sponsored trials and uncontrolled case series, on the use of TNF antagonists in approximately 280 patients with various ocular conditions who were inadequately controlled on currently available therapy.