In the last three decades, the overall prevalence of asthma appears to be plateauing, although large geographical and socioeconomic variation is evident. Overall, asthma prevalence slightly decreased in most age groups, except for school-aged children. Of note, asthma mortality steadily decreased, potentially highlighting improved asthma management strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAllergy Asthma Immunol Res
November 2024
The twenty-first century has seen a fundamental shift in disease epidemiology with anthropogenic environmental change emerging as the likely dominant factor affecting the distribution and severity of current and future human disease. This is especially true of allergic diseases and asthma with their intimate relationship with the natural environment. Climate change-related variables including increased ambient temperature, heat waves, extreme weather events, air pollution, and rainfall distribution, all can affect asthma in children, but each of these variables also affects asthma via alterations in pollen production and release, outdoor allergen exposure or the microbiome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Data on the global prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is significantly varied and limited across countries and over time. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the global, regional, and national burden of CRS from the years 1980 to 2021, as well as identify those factors that influence levels of such burden.
Design: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of general population-based observational studies focusing on CRS.
This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guideline provides recommendations for the management of IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Following the confirmation of IgE-mediated food allergy diagnosis, allergen avoidance and dietary advice (with support of a specialised dietitian, if possible) together with the provision of a written treatment plan, education on the recognition of allergic symptoms and prescription of medication including adrenaline using an auto-injector are essential. Patients with significant anxiety and requirement for coping strategies may benefit from support from a clinical psychologist.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld Allergy Organ J
September 2024
Background: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most complex and common food allergy in infants. Elimination of cow's milk from the diet and replacement with a specialized formula for infants with cow's milk allergy who cannot be breastfed is an established approach to minimize the risk of severe allergic reactions while avoiding nutritional deficiencies. Given the availability of multiple options, such as extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk-based formula (eHF-CM), aminoacid formula (AAF), hydrolyzed rice formula (HRF), and soy formula (SF), there is some uncertainty regarding which formula might represent the most suitable choice with respect to health outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe importance of non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of allergic diseases in childhood is currently unknown. From this perspective, data on the role of the total (t) immunoglobulin E (IgE) in relation to different allergic diseases across different age groups until adulthood remain unclear. The potential association of tIgE levels with types of allergic diseases diagnosed in an specialized tertiary allergy center, in relation to sex and the age group spanning from birth to 20 years, are evaluated in the present study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Biologic asthma therapies reduce exacerbations and long-term oral corticosteroids (LTOCS) use in randomized controlled trials (RCTs); however, there are limited data on outcomes among patients ineligible for RCTs. Hence, we investigated responsiveness to biologics in a real-world population of adults with severe asthma.
Methods: Adults in the International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) with ≥24 weeks of follow-up were grouped into those who did, or did not, initiate biologics (anti-IgE, anti-IL5/IL5R, anti-IL4/13).
Microbiomes are ecosystems, and their stability can impact the health of their hosts. Theory predicts that predators influence ecosystem stability. Phages are key predators of bacteria in microbiomes, but phages are unusual predators because many have lysogenic life cycles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Allergy Clin Immunol Pract
September 2024
Increased understanding of the underlying pathophysiology has highlighted the heterogeneity of asthma and identified that most children with asthma have type 2 inflammation with elevated biomarkers, such as blood eosinophils and/or fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Although in the past most of these children may have been categorized as having allergic asthma, identifying the type 2 inflammatory phenotype provides a mechanism to explain both allergic and non-allergic triggers in pediatric patients with asthma. Most children achieve control with low to medium doses of inhaled corticosteroids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious research has not investigated the persistent cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) related to long COVID to investigate the long-term sequelae. This multinational study, using a propensity-matched overlap weighting method, utilizes large national claims-based cohorts, using ICD-10 code diagnosis, focusing on patients aged ≥20 years from three countries: South Korean, Japanese, and the British cohorts. To estimate the risk of cirAEs in long COVID, the persistence or emergence of cirAEs occurring 4 weeks after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, we employed a Cox proportional hazard regression model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-world data on the range and impact of comorbid health conditions that affect pediatric asthma are scant, especially from developing countries. Lack of data hinders effective diagnosis, treatment, and overall management of these complex cases. We, hereby, describe the common pediatric asthma comorbid conditions in terms of evidence for association, potential mechanisms of impact on asthma control, and treatment benefit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe asthma pandemic imposes a huge burden on patients and health systems in both developed and developing countries. Despite available treatments, symptom control is generally suboptimal, and hospitalizations and deaths remain at unacceptably high levels. A pivotal aspect of asthma that warrants further exploration is the influence of the respiratory microbiome and virome in modulating disease activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: It is unclear how each individual asthma symptom is associated with asthma diagnosis or control.
Objectives: To assess the performance of individual asthma symptoms in the identification of patients with asthma and their association with asthma control.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed real-world data using the MASK-air app.
Allergy
July 2024
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate evidence on dietary interventions for atopic eczema/dermatitis (AD) skin symptoms in children without food allergies, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Systematic review updates were conducted in May 2022 and June 2023, focusing on randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) involving children with AD but without food allergies. Specific diets or supplements, such as vitamins, minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, or postbiotics, were explored in these trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Allergy Clin Immunol Pract
September 2024
Tree nut allergy is a lifelong and potentially life-threatening condition. The standard of care is strictly avoiding the culprit nut and treating accidental reactions symptomatically. To evaluate potential therapeutic options for desensitizing patients with IgE-mediated tree nut allergy, we systematically searched three bibliographic databases for studies published until January 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld Allergy Organ J
April 2024
Background: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. The replacement with specialized formulas is an established clinical approach to ensure adequate growth and minimize the risk of severe allergic reactions when breastfeeding is not possible. Still, given the availability of multiple options, such as extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk protein formula (eHF-CM), amino acid formula (AAF), hydrolyzed rice formula (HRF) and soy formulas (SF), there is some uncertainty as to the most suitable choice with respect to health outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn rhinitis and asthma, several mHealth apps have been developed but only a few have been validated. However, these apps have a high potential for improving person-centred care (PCC), especially in allergen immunotherapy (AIT). They can provide support in AIT initiation by selecting the appropriate patient and allergen shared decision-making.
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