Rubidium vapor holography for noncontact adaptive detection of ultrasound.

We describe an adaptive interferometer based on rubidium vapor, which combines a good signal-to-noise ratio with a high cutoff frequency of approximately 1 MHz. These features can be useful for optical detection of ultrasound generated in diffusely scattering objects in the presence of strong environmentally produced vibrations.

The application of abstract topology to RAS-related signal transduction pathways.

Ras is a protein related to cancer development. It is a convergence point for different signal transduction pathways that allow the cell to respond to external stimuli with different cell functions like growth, division, death, etc. In this paper, we analyze the signal pathways generated by different Ras effectors (Raf, RalGDS and PI3K), and the pathway relating Ras to the cell cycle control.